Insulini - ndichiyani, katundu, kugwiritsa ntchito pamasewera

Insulini ndi imodzi mwamankhwala omwe amaphunziridwa kwambiri pazamankhwala. Amapangidwa m'maselo a beta azilumba za Langerhans za kapamba, ndipo zimakhudza kuphatikizika kwama cell kwamatenda onse.

Katundu wamkulu wa peptide hormone ndikutha kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa magazi m'magazi osapitilira malire ochepera. Insulin amatenga nawo gawo pazakudya zamafuta ndi mafuta, amathandizira ma enzyme a glycolysis, komanso amalimbikitsanso kusintha kwa glycogen m'chiwindi ndi minofu.

Mtengo wa insulin m'thupi

Ntchito yayikulu ya insulin m'thupi la munthu ndikukulitsa kufalikira kwa nembanemba ya myocyte ndi adipocyte ya glucose, yomwe imathandizira kuyendetsa kwake kumaselo. Chifukwa cha ichi, kugwiritsa ntchito shuga m'thupi kumawonekeranso, momwe mapangidwe a glycogen ndimapangidwe ake mu minofu ayambidwira. Komanso, insulin imatha kupangitsa kuti mapuloteni azipanga kwambiri, ndikuwonjezera kuloleza kwa makoma am'madzi amino acid (gwero - Wikipedia).

Ntchito ya insulin m'thupi imatha kufotokozedwa mwachidule motere:

1. Ndiyamika zochita za timadzi, shuga analandira chakudya amalowa mu selo chifukwa chakuti permeability a nembanemba bwino.
2. Pomwe ikuchitika, kusintha kwa glycogen kuchokera ku shuga kumachitika m'maselo a chiwindi, komanso mu ulusi wa minofu.
3. Insulin imakhudza kudzikundikira, kaphatikizidwe ndi kukonza kukhulupirika kwa mapuloteni omwe alowa mthupi.
4. Mahomoni amalimbikitsa kusungira mafuta pothandiza maselo amafuta kutenga shuga ndikuwapanga kukhala minofu ya adipose. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mukamadya zakudya zokhala ndi chakudya, muyenera kudziwa kuopsa kwamafuta osafunikira amthupi.
5. Zimayambitsa zochita za michere yomwe imathandizira kuwonongeka kwa shuga (katundu wa anabolic).
6. Imapondereza ntchito ya michere yomwe imasungunuka mafuta ndi glycogen (anti-catabolic effect).

Insulin ndi mahomoni apadera omwe amatenga nawo gawo pazakudya zonse zamkati ndi machitidwe. Imagwira gawo lofunikira pakupanga kwamahydrohydrate.

Chakudya chikalowa m'mimba, chakudya chimakwera. Izi zimachitika ngakhale ndi zakudya zochepa kapena masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Zotsatira zake, kapamba amalandira chizindikiritso choyenera kuchokera kuubongo ndikuyamba kutulutsa insulin, yomwe imayambanso kuwononga chakudya. Chifukwa chake kudalira kwa milingo ya insulin pakudya. Ngati munthu akhala pachakudya chotopetsa ndipo akusowa njala nthawi zonse, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa hormone iyi m'magazi kumakhalanso kocheperako (gwero mu Chingerezi - buku "Insulin and Proteins are Related - Structure, Functions, Pharmacology").

Ndiwo hormone yokhayo yomwe imagwira ntchito yochepetsa shuga, mosiyana ndi mahomoni ena onse omwe amangowonjezera chizindikirochi, monga adrenaline, hormone yokula kapena glucagon.

Ndi calcium yokwanira, potaziyamu m'magazi, komanso kuchuluka kwa mafuta acid, njira yopanga insulini imathamanga. Ndipo kukula kwa hormone ndi somatostatin zimakhala ndi zotsutsana, zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin ndikuchepetsa kaphatikizidwe kake.

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Zifukwa za kuchuluka kwa insulin

1. Insulinomas ndi zotupa zazing'ono. Amapangidwa ndi maselo a beta azilumba za Langerhans. Nthawi zambiri, zimachokera m'matumbo am'mimba a enterochromaffin. Insulinomas imagwira ntchito ngati ma jenereta ambiri a insulini. Kuti mupeze zotupa, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ndi shuga kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo maphunziro onse amachitika m'mimba yopanda kanthu.
2. Matenda a shuga mtundu 2. Amadziwika ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa milingo ya insulin ndipo, chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa shuga. Pambuyo pake, matendawa akamakulirakulira, minofu imayamba kuchepa mphamvu ya insulin, zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa matendawa.
3. Kulemera kwambiri. Ngati vutoli limalumikizidwa ndi chakudya chambiri cha zakudya zama carbohydrate, kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi kumawonjezeka kwambiri. Ndi iye amene amaphatikiza shuga kukhala mafuta. Chifukwa chake, bwalo loipa limabuka, lomwe silophweka kutsegula - mahomoni ambiri, mafuta ochulukirapo, komanso mosemphanitsa.
4. Acromegaly ndi chotupa m'matumbo a pituitary omwe amatsogolera ku kuchepa kwa kukula kwa mahomoni opangidwa. Kukhazikika kwake ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri chodziwitsa kupezeka kwa chotupa, ngati insulin imaperekedwa kwa munthu, kutsika kwa glucose, komwe kumayenera kuyambitsa kuchuluka kwa somatotropin m'magazi, ngati izi sizingachitike, mwayi wamtunduwu ndiwambiri.
5. Hypercortisolism ndi matenda omwe amapezeka pomwe adrenal cortex imatulutsa mahomoni ochulukirapo. Zimalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa shuga, mulingo wake umakhala wokwera, kufikira magwiridwe antchito.
6. Kutsekeka kwa minofu - kumachitika chifukwa chakuti pali kuphwanya njira zamagetsi m'thupi, motsutsana ndi komwe kukwera kwa insulin m'magazi kumatuluka.
7. Ndi zakudya zopanda malire panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati, mayi ali pachiwopsezo chowonjezeka kwambiri pamahomoni.
8. Zotengera zomwe zimalepheretsa kuyamwa kwa galactose ndi fructose.

Ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa milingo ya shuga, munthu amatha kugwa mu chikomokere cha hyperglycemic. Kubaya jakisoni wa insulin kumathandiza kutuluka mdziko lino.

Matenda a shuga a 1 ndi 2 amadziwikanso ndi kusintha kwa insulin. Ndi mitundu iwiri:

• osadalira insulin (mtundu wa 2 shuga) - wodziwika ndi kusazindikira kwa insulin, pomwe kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kumatha kukhala kwachilendo kapena kukwezeka;
• wodalira insulin (mtundu wa 1 shuga) - amachititsa kutsika kwakukulu kwa milingo ya insulin.

Kuchepetsa zomwe zili m'thupi lanu ndikulimbitsa thupi kwambiri, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi komanso zovuta.

Zomwe zimaperekedwa pakupereka magazi kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi

Pofuna kudziwa kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi, ayenera kuyezetsa labotale. Pachifukwa ichi, magazi amatengedwa mumtambo ndikuwayika mu chubu chapadera.

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Kuti zotsatira za kusanthula zikhale zolondola momwe zingathere, anthu saloledwa kudya chakudya, mankhwala, mowa maola 12 asanamwe magazi. Zimalimbikitsidwanso kusiya mitundu yonse yazolimbitsa thupi. Ngati munthu atenga mankhwala ofunikira ndipo sangathe kuthetsedwa mwanjira iliyonse, izi zimawonetsedwa pofufuza mwapadera.

Theka la ola asanalandire zitsanzo za insulini, wodwalayo amafunika kukhala ndi mtendere wamumtima wonse!

Kuyeza kwapadera kwa magazi a insulin sikugwirizana ndi zamankhwala. Kuti mudziwe mtundu wa matenda m'thupi, tikulimbikitsidwa kudziwa kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi shuga. Njira yabwino kwambiri yofufuzira ndi kuyesa kupsinjika, komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wodziwa kuchuluka kwa insulin mutatha kutsitsa shuga.

Chifukwa cha kuyesa kupanikizika, njira yobisika ya matenda ashuga imatha kudziwika.

Ndi kukula kwa matenda, zomwe zimachitika ndikamasulidwa kwa insulin zikhala mochedwa kuposa momwe zimakhalira nthawi zonse. Mahomoni m'magazi amayamba pang'onopang'ono, ndipo pambuyo pake amakula kwambiri. Mwa anthu athanzi, insulin m'magazi imakwera bwino ndikugwera pamakhalidwe abwino popanda kudumphadumpha.

Kuwunika zotsatira za mayeso

Pali njira zambiri zowunikira ndikusunga kusanthula kwa deta kuti muwone momwe zinthu zasinthira pazotsatira. Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwone pulogalamu yaulere ya Ornament.

Zithandizira kusunga ndikukonzekera zotsatira zamayeso azachipatala. Zodzikongoletsera zimakupatsani mwayi wotsatira kusintha kwa insulin ndi ziwonetsero zina zathanzi. Zodzikongoletsera zimawonetsa kusintha kwa kusanthula zotsatira pama graph. Ma graph nthawi yomweyo amawonetsa pomwe chizindikirocho chapitilira zomwe sizingachitike - pakadali pano, Ornament idzajambula gawo lolingana la graph mu chikaso chowala. Ichi chidzakhala chizindikiro kuti, mwina, pali zovuta mthupi ndipo muyenera kupita kuchipatala. Chizindikiro chobiriwira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito kuwonetsa zizindikiritso zovomerezeka - zonse zili bwino, simuyenera kuda nkhawa.

Kusamutsa zotsatira zoyeserera kuchokera papepala kupita ku Ornament application, ndikwanira kuzijambula (ndiye fomu ndi zotsatira). Zodzikongoletsera "zitha kusanthula" zidziwitso zonse. Kuti mulowetse zotsatira zakusanthula kuchokera pa fayilo ya pdf yotumizidwa kuchokera ku labotale, muyenera kungotumiza fayiloyi mu Ornament.

Kutengera ndi zomwe zapezedwa, Ornament imawunika ziwalo zazikulu ndi machitidwe a thupi pamiyeso isanu. Kulemba kosakwana 4 kumatha kuwonetsa vuto lomwe lingafune upangiri wa zamankhwala. Mwa njira, mutha kufunsa upangiri pomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito - pali madotolo pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito Zokongoletsa omwe angakupatseni malingaliro oyenera.

Mutha kutsitsa pulogalamu ya Ornament kwaulere ku Msika wa Google Play ndi App Store.

Jakisoni wa insulini

Nthawi zambiri, jakisoni wa insulin amapatsidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Doctor anafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane malamulo ntchito syringe, mbali ya mankhwala antibacterial, mlingo.

1. Mu mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, anthu amadzipiritsa okha kuti azitha kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi. Mwa anthu otere, si zachilendo kuti pakhale chithandizo chadzidzidzi cha insulin pakakhala vuto la hyperglycemia.
2. Matenda a shuga a 2 amalola m'malo mwa jakisoni ndi mapiritsi. Kupeza kwakanthawi matenda ashuga, mankhwala oyenera amtundu wamapiritsi osakanikirana ndi zakudya amatha kuthana ndi vutoli.

Insulini, yomwe imapezeka kuchokera ku kapamba wa nkhumba, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati jakisoni. Ili ndi kapangidwe kake kamoyo kofananira kofanana ndi mahomoni amunthu ndipo kamatulutsa zovuta zochepa. Mankhwala akusintha mosalekeza ndipo lero amapatsa odwala ma insulin omwe amapangidwanso. Pazithandizo za insulini muubwana, ndimagulu a insulin okha omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mlingo wofunikira umasankhidwa ndi dokotala payekha, kutengera momwe wodwalayo alili. Katswiri amalangiza kwathunthu, akumuphunzitsa momwe angabayire moyenera.

Kwa matenda omwe amadziwika ndi madontho a insulin, m'pofunika kutsatira chakudya chamagulu, kutsatira zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku, kuwongolera zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, ndikuchepetsa zovuta zomwe zimachitika.

Mitundu ya insulin

Kutengera mtundu, insulin imatengedwa munthawi zosiyananso zosiyanasiyana:

• Humalog ndi Novorapid amachita mwachangu kwambiri, patangotha ​​ola limodzi kuchuluka kwa insulin kumakwera ndikufika pamlingo wofunikira thupi. Koma pambuyo pa maola 4, zotsatira zake zimatha, ndipo mulingo wa insulini umachepetsanso.

• Humulin Regulator, Insuman Rapid, Actrapid amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kofulumira kwa mulingo wa insulini m'magazi pambuyo pa theka la ola, pambuyo pofika maola 4 ochulukirapo kufikira kwake, komwe kumayamba kuchepa pang'ono. Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito kwa maola 8.

• Insuman Bazal, Humulin NPH, Protafan NM amakhala ndi chiwonetsero pakati pa maola 10 mpaka 20. Patadutsa maola atatu, amayamba kuwonetsa ntchito, ndipo pambuyo pa maola 6-8 mulingo wa insulini m'magazi umafika pachimake.

• Glargin imakhala ndi zotsatira zazitali kuyambira maola 20 mpaka 30, pomwe ngakhale insulini imasungidwa popanda nsonga.

• Degludek Tresiba amapangidwa ku Denmark ndipo amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri, yomwe imatha kupitilira maola 42.

Wodwalayo ayenera kulandira malangizo onse pamalamulo opangira insulini mosamalitsa kuchokera kwa dokotala yemwe akupezekapo, komanso njira zamankhwala (subcutaneous kapena intramuscular). Palibe mlingo wokhazikika kapena pafupipafupi woyang'anira mankhwala aliwonse a insulin! Kusankhidwa ndi kusintha kwa mankhwala kumachitika mosamalitsa payekhapayekha!

Mapulogalamu a Insulin a Masewera ndi Kumanga Minofu

Ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amaphunzitsa mwakhama ndipo akuyesera kupanga minofu yambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni m'zakudya zawo. Insulini imagwiritsanso ntchito mapuloteni, omwe amachititsa kuti minofu ikhale yolimba. Hormone iyi imakhudza osati kagayidwe kake ka mapuloteni, komanso chakudya ndi mafuta, zomwe zimapanga zofunikira pakupanga minofu yopumula.

Ngakhale insulini ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amaletsedwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri othamanga, ndizosatheka kuzindikira kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kwina, osati kupanga kwachilengedwe. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi othamanga ambiri omwe zotsatira zake zimadalira minofu.

Pakokha, mahomoni sawonjezera kuchuluka kwa minofu, koma amakhudza kwambiri zomwe zimabweretsa zomwe zimafunikira - imayang'anira kagayidwe kazakudya, mapuloteni ndi lipids, chifukwa chake:

1. Imagwirizana mapuloteni minofu. Mapuloteni ndiwo omwe amapanga ulusi wamtundu, wopangidwa ndi ribosomes. Ndi insulini yomwe imayambitsa kupanga ma ribosomes, omwe amatsogolera ku kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, motero, kuti apange minofu ya minofu.
2. Amachepetsa kukula kwa katemera. Catabolism ndi njira yomwe akatswiri onse othamanga amalimbana nayo m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwa kuwonjezera msinkhu wa insulini, njira yowonongeka ya zinthu zovuta imachedwetsa, mapuloteni amapangidwa kangapo kuposa kuwonongeka.
3. Kuchulukitsa kupezeka kwa ma amino acid m'malo opangira ma cell. Mahomoni amachulukitsa kupindika kwa khungu, chifukwa cha malo ofunikirawa, ma amino acid ofunikira kuti minofu ikulowerere ikulowa mu ulusi wamavuto popanda mavuto ndipo imangotenga
4. Amakhudza mphamvu ya kaphatikizidwe ka glycogen, komwe kumafunikira kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa minofu chifukwa chakutha kusunga chinyezi, monga siponji. Mothandizidwa ndi insulini, imayambitsa kaphatikizidwe kakang'ono ka glycogen, kamene kamalola kuti glucose isungidwe mu ulusi wa minofu kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikuwonjezera kukhazikika kwawo, kufulumizitsa kuchira ndikuwongolera zakudya.

Zotsatira zoyipa za insulin

M'magwero ambiri, imodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi insulini ndikuchuluka kwa mafuta - ndipo izi ndi zoona. Koma sizodabwitsa izi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kosalamulirika kwa insulin kukhale koopsa. Chotsatira choyambirira komanso choyipa kwambiri cha insulin ndi hypoglycemia, vuto lomwe limafunikira chithandizo chadzidzidzi. Zizindikiro zakuchepa kwa shuga wamagazi ndi monga:

• kufooka kwakukulu, chizungulire ndi kupweteka mutu, kuwonongeka kwakanthawi kochepa, ulesi, kusanza / kusanza, kugwedezeka kumatheka;
• tachycardia, kunjenjemera, kuwonongeka kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe kake, kukhudzidwa kwa chidziwitso, kupepuka pang'ono ndi kutaya nthawi zambiri.

Ngati glycemia m'magazi atsikira mpaka 2.5 mmol / L ndi pansipa, izi ndi zizindikilo za kukomoka kwa hypoglycemic, komwe kumatha kupha popanda chisamaliro chapadera chadzidzidzi. Imfa chifukwa cha vutoli imayamba chifukwa cha kuphwanya kwakukulu magwiridwe antchito amwazi ndi kupuma, komwe kumatsagana ndi kukhumudwa kwakukulu kwa dongosolo lamanjenje. Pali kusowa kwathunthu kwa shuga kuti zitsimikizire zochitika za michere yomwe imayang'anira kufunikira kwa homeostasis.

Komanso, mukamagwiritsa ntchito insulin, mutha:

• kuyabwa, kuyabwa pa malo a jakisoni;
• tsankho;
• kuchepa kwamkati mwa mahomoni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kapena ngati angamwe bongo.

Kudya kwakanthawi kwakanthawi komanso kosalamulirika kwa mankhwala kumabweretsa chitukuko cha matenda a shuga (gwero - Clinical Pharmacology malinga ndi a Goodman ndi Gilman - G. Gilman - Malangizo Othandiza).

Insulini imalamulira

Ochita masewera amadziwa kuti ntchito yomanga mpumulo wa minofu ndiyotheka popanda kuchuluka kwamafuta. Ichi ndichifukwa chake akatswiri amasintha magawo a kuyanika thupi ndi kunenepa.

Mahomoni amayenera kutengedwa nthawi kapena nthawi isanakwane / pambuyo pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti musinthe kukhala mphamvu zofunikira, osati mafuta.

Zimathandizanso kuti thupi likhale lolimba komanso zimakuthandizani kuti muzichita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Zakudya zopanda mavitamini zimayenera kutsatira mukamauma.

Chifukwa chake, insulini imagwira ntchito ngati kusintha kwa thupi komwe kumawongolera zinthu zachilengedwe mwina kuti zichulukire kapena kutentha mafuta.

Onerani kanemayo: Aspen Joy Unboxes Her New Insulin Pump! (December 2024).