Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: m'thupi la munthu, mankhwala omwewo ndi omwe amachititsa kuti zinthu zitheke komanso kuti athe kukwaniritsa zomwe mukufuna, komanso kupanga mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya zosokoneza bongo. Iyi ndiye hormone ya dopamine - yapadera komanso yodabwitsa. Ntchito zake ndizosiyanasiyana, ndipo kusowa ndi kupitilira muyeso kumabweretsa zovuta ndipo zimakhudza mwachindunji thanzi.
Dopamine - timadzi tachimwemwe
Dopamine amatchedwa hormone ya chisangalalo ndi chisangalalo pazifukwa. Amapangidwa mwachilengedwe panthawi yazabwino za anthu. Ndi chithandizo chake, timakonda zinthu zoyambira: kuyambira kununkhira kwa maluwa mpaka kumva kosangalatsa.
Mulingo wabwinobwino wa chinthu umathandiza munthu:
- Gonani bwino;
- ganizirani mwachangu ndikupanga zisankho mosavuta;
- khalani osaganizira zofunikira;
- sangalalani ndi chakudya, maubwenzi apamtima, kugula, ndi zina zambiri.
Mankhwala a hormone dopamine ndi a catecholamines, kapena neurohormones. Oyimira pakati amtunduwu amapereka kulumikizana pakati pa maselo amthupi lonse.
Muubongo, dopamine imasewera ngati neurotransmitter: mothandizidwa ndi ma neuron kuyanjana, zikhumbo ndi zizindikilo zimafalikira.
Mahomoni a dopamine ndi gawo la dongosolo la dopaminergic. Zimaphatikizapo 5 dopamine receptors (D1-D5). D1 receptor imakhudza magwiridwe antchito amkati amanjenje. Pamodzi ndi cholandirira cha D5, imalimbikitsa mphamvu ndi njira zamagetsi, amatenga nawo gawo pakukula kwamaselo ndikukula kwa ziwalo. D1 ndi D5 zimapereka mphamvu komanso kuyankhula kwa munthuyo. Ma D2, D3 ndi D4 receptors ndi a gulu lina. Iwo ali ndi udindo waukulu pakukhudzidwa ndi kuthekera kwanzeru (gwero - Bulletin ya Bryansk Medical University).
Dongosolo la dopaminergic limaimiridwa ndi njira zovuta, iliyonse yomwe imafotokoza bwino ntchito zake:
- njira ya mesolimbic imayambitsa kukhumba, mphotho, chisangalalo;
- njira ya mesocortical imatsimikizira kukwaniritsidwa kwa njira zolimbikitsira ndi malingaliro;
- Njira ya nigrostriatal imayendetsa magalimoto ndi dongosolo la extrapyramidal.
Mwa kulimbikitsa dongosolo la extrapyramidal ngati chotupa cha ubongo, dopamine imachulukitsa zochitika zamagalimoto, kuchepa kwamphamvu kwambiri ya minofu. Ndipo gawo laubongo, lotchedwa substantia nigra, limatsimikizira momwe amayi amamvera pokhudzana ndi ana awo (gwero - Wikipedia).
Kodi mahomoni amakhudza bwanji komanso motani
Dopamine imayambitsa ntchito zambiri mthupi lathu. Imalamulira nthawi yomweyo m'machitidwe awiri ofunikira aubongo:
- chilimbikitso;
- kuwunika komanso kulimbikitsa.
Dongosolo la mphotho limatilimbikitsa kupeza zomwe timafunikira.
Timamwa madzi, kudya ndi kusangalala nawo. Ndikufuna kubwereza zosangalatsa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali chifukwa cholimbikitsanso zochita zina.
Kutha kuloweza, kuphunzira, ndikupanga zisankho kumadaliranso makamaka mahomoni a dopamine. Nchifukwa chiyani ana aang'ono amaphunzira bwino zatsopano ngati amazipeza posewera? Ndizosavuta - maphunziro oterewa amaphatikizidwa ndi malingaliro abwino. Njira za dopamine zimalimbikitsidwa.
Chidwi chimatengedwa ngati chosinthika chamkati. Imakulimbikitsani kuti muyang'ane mayankho a mafunso, kuthetsa mwambi, kufufuza chilengedwe kuti muphunzire za dziko lapansi ndikusintha. Chidwi chimayambitsa dongosolo la mphotho ndipo chimayendetsedwa bwino ndi dopamine.
Asayansi aku Sweden adazindikira kuti zaluso zimawonetsedwa nthawi zambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lochepa la D-2 dopamine receptors mu thalamus. Dera ili laubongo limayang'anira kusanthula zomwe zikubwera. Kulenga, kuthekera kolingalira kunja kwa bokosilo, kupeza mayankho atsopano kuwonekera pamene zolandilira zosefera zikwangwani zomwe zikubwera zochepa ndikulola zambiri "zosaphika" zidutse.
Mtundu wa umunthu (wowonjezera / wolowerera) komanso mawonekedwe ake amatengera kutengeka ndi zovuta za dopamine. Wophulika mwamalingaliro, mopupuluma amafunikira mahomoni ambiri kuti akhale abwinobwino. Chifukwa chake, akuyang'ana ziwonetsero zatsopano, amayesetsa kucheza ndi anthu, nthawi zina amatenga zoopsa zosafunikira. Ndiye kuti, akukhala wolemera. Koma oyambitsa, omwe amafunikira dopamine yocheperako kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwino, samakonda kuvutika ndi mitundu yambiri yazokonda (gwero mu Chingerezi - magazini yazachipatala Science Daily).
Kuphatikiza apo, kugwira ntchito bwino kwa ziwalo zamkati ndikosatheka popanda mtundu wina wa hormone dopamine.
Amapereka kugunda kwamtima, kugwira ntchito kwa impso, kuyendetsa magalimoto, komanso kumachepetsa m'matumbo motility komanso insulin.
Zimagwira bwanji
Kapangidwe kake, njira ya dopaminergic ndiyofanana ndi korona wamtengo wamphukira. Hormone ya dopamine imapangidwa m'malo ena amubongo kenako imagawidwa m'njira zingapo. Amayamba kuyenda "nthambi" yayikulu, yomwe imapitilizabe nthambi zake zing'onozing'ono.
Dopamine amathanso kutchedwa "hormone of heroes". Thupi limagwiritsa ntchito mwakhama kupanga adrenaline. Chifukwa chake, m'malo ovuta (ndikuvulala, mwachitsanzo) pali kudumpha kwakukulu kwa dopamine. Chifukwa chake mahomoni amathandiza munthu kuti azolowere m'malo opanikizika komanso amaletsa zolandilira zopweteka.
Zatsimikiziridwa kuti kaphatikizidwe ka mahomoni kamayambira kale pamlingo woyembekezera chisangalalo. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwathunthu ndi otsatsa ndi opanga malonda, kukopa ogula ndi zithunzi zowala komanso malonjezo mokweza. Zotsatira zake, munthu amaganiza kuti ali ndi chinthu china, ndipo mulingo wa dopamine womwe udalumphira kuchokera pamaganizidwe osangalatsa umalimbikitsa kugula.
Kutulutsidwa kwa Dopamine
Zomwe zimapangidwira popanga mahomoni ndi L-tyrosine. Amino acid amalowa mthupi ndi chakudya kapena amapangidwa m'matumba a chiwindi ochokera ku phenylalanine. Kuphatikiza apo, potengera puloteni, mamolekyulu ake amasandulika kukhala dopamine. Mu thupi la munthu, amapangidwa m'matumba angapo ndi machitidwe nthawi imodzi.
Monga neurotransmitter, dopamine imapangidwa:
- mu nkhani yakuda ya midbrain;
- phata la hypothalamus;
- mu diso.
Kuphatikizika kumachitika m'matenda a endocrine ndi ziwalo zina:
- mu ndulu;
- mu impso ndi adrenal glands;
- m'maselo am'mafupa;
- mu kapamba.
Zotsatira za zizolowezi zoyipa pamlingo wamahomoni
Poyamba, hormone dopamine idathandizira munthu pazabwino zokha.
Adalimbikitsa makolo athu kupeza chakudya chambiri chambiri ndikumupatsa gawo losangalatsa.
Tsopano chakudya chakhala chikupezeka, ndipo kuti tikwaniritse chisangalalo chomwe tikufuna, anthu amayamba kudya mopitirira muyeso. Kunenepa kwambiri ndi vuto lalikulu lazachipatala m'maiko onse otukuka.
Mankhwala amapangitsa kupanga mahomoni: chikonga, caffeine, mowa, ndi zina zambiri. Mothandizidwa ndi iwo, kuwonjezeka kwa dopamine kumachitika, timakhala ndi chisangalalo ndikuyesetsa kulandira mlingo wake mobwerezabwereza.... Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani m'thupi panthawiyi? Ubongo umazolowera kukondoweza kwambiri kwa ma dopamine receptors ndipo, kuwapulumutsa ku "kupsinjika", kumachepetsa kupanga kwachilengedwe kwa mahomoni. Mulingo wake umagwera pansi pazizolowezi, pali kusakhutira, kusasangalala, kusapeza bwino.
Kuti akwaniritse mawonekedwe amisala, munthuyo amayambiranso kukondoweza. Zimathandiza kwakanthawi kochepa, koma zolandilira zimapitirizabe kutaya chidwi, maselo ena amitsempha amafa. Mzere woyipa umabuka: kulolerana kwa mahomoni owonjezera kumawonjezera, chisangalalo chimachepa, mavuto - zambiri. Tsopano gawo la chikonga kapena mowa amafunikira mkhalidwe wabwinobwino, osati "wapamwamba".
Kusiya chizolowezi choipa si kophweka. Chotsitsiracho chitatha, zolandilira zimabwezeretsedwanso kwa nthawi yayitali komanso zopweteka. Munthu amakumana ndi zowawa, kupweteka mkati, kukhumudwa. Nthawi yochira kwa chidakwa, mwachitsanzo, imakhala mpaka miyezi 18, kapena kupitilira apo. Chifukwa chake, ambiri samaimirira ndikuyambiranso "mbedza" ya dopamine.
Udindo wa masewera olimbitsa thupi
Nkhani yabwino: pali njira yowonjezera kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawo popanda kuvulaza thanzi. Hormone dopamine imapangidwa pamasewera. Koma ndikofunikira kutsatira mfundo zoyambira pamaphunziro:
- kudziletsa zolimbitsa thupi;
- pafupipafupi makalasi.
Chiwembucho ndi chophweka apa. Thupi limakumana ndi kupsinjika pang'ono ndikuyamba kudzikonzekeretsa kupsinjika.
Njira zodzitetezera zimayambitsidwa, popititsa patsogolo adrenaline, gawo la mahomoni achimwemwe limapangidwa.
Palinso lingaliro lotere - chisangalalo cha wothamanga. Pakapita nthawi, munthu amakumana ndi zotupa. Kuphatikiza pa zabwino zonse zaumoyo, maphunziro athupi mwadongosolo amapereka bonasi ina yosangalatsa - chisangalalo chothamanga pakukweza mulingo wa dopamine.
Magulu otsika a dopamine - zotsatira
Kutopetsa, kuda nkhawa, kukayikira, kukwiya, kutopa kwamatenda - zizindikilo izi zikuwonetsa kusowa kwa hormone dopamine mthupi.
Ndikuchepa kwakukulu, matenda owopsa amabwera:
- kukhumudwa;
- chidwi chosowa cha matenda osokoneza bongo;
- kutaya chidwi m'moyo (anhedonia);
- Matenda a Parkinson.
Kuperewera kwa mahomoni kumakhudzanso ntchito ya ziwalo ndi machitidwe ena.
Pali matenda mu mtima, matenda a ziwalo za endocrine (chithokomiro ndi gonads, adrenal glands, ndi zina zotero), libido imachepa.
Kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa dopamine, madokotala amatumiza wodwalayo kuti akayese mkodzo (kangapo magazi) kwa katekolamini.
Ngati kusowa kwa mankhwala kumatsimikiziridwa, madokotala amalamula kuti:
- dopaminomimetics (spitomin, cyclodinone, dopamine);
- L-tyrosine;
- Kukonzekera ndi zowonjezera zomwe zili ndi chomera cha gingo biloba.
Komabe, malangizo akulu kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kusinthasintha kwa mahomoni ndi mfundo yachilengedwe yamoyo wathanzi: zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso maphunziro azolimbitsa thupi.
Mndandanda wazakudya zomwe zimakhudza ma hormone a dopamine
| Kulimbikitsa kuchuluka | Kuchepetsa zinthu |
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Zotsatira zakuchulukitsa kwa dopamine ndizotani?
Kuchulukitsa kwa hormone dopamine sikumapanganso zabwino kwa munthu. Komanso, dopamine owonjezera matenda ndi owopsa. Chiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda amisala chikuwonjezeka: schizophrenia, kukakamira kwambiri komanso mavuto ena amunthu.
Kuchuluka kwambiri kumawoneka ngati:
- hyperbulia - kuwonjezeka kowawa kwa chidwi cha zokonda ndi zokonda, kusinthasintha mwachangu;
- kuchuluka tilinazo;
- chilimbikitso chochuluka (zotsatira zake ndi kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso);
- kuwongolera malingaliro osamveka komanso / kapena kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro.
Zomwe zimapangidwira kuti munthu akhale ndi zizolowezi zingapo zamatenda nawonso ndi kuchuluka kwa mahomoni. Munthu amavutika ndi zizolowezi zopweteka monga kutchova juga, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kulakalaka masewera a pakompyuta komanso malo ochezera a pa Intaneti.
Komabe, vuto lalikulu kwambiri pakapangidwe ka dopamine ndikumawonongeka kosasinthika kwa madera ena aubongo.
Mapeto
Khalani moyo mosamala! Sungani mahomoni a dopamine. Mdziko lino, mudzamva bwino, mukwaniritse zomwe mukufuna ndikusangalala ndi moyo. Sungani mahomoni kuti asakulamulireni. Khalani wathanzi!
