M'mipikisano, pali mpikisano zosiyana pakuyenda mtunda wautali. Zomwe maulendowa ali, mawonekedwe awo, komanso momwe othamanga omwe amawagonjetsera amatchulidwira, tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi wothamanga mtunda wautali amatchedwa chiyani?
Wothamanga wautali amatchedwa wokhala.
Etymology ya mawu oti "stayer"
Mawu oti "stayer" amamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chingerezi kuti "olimba". Mwambiri, othamanga samangokhala kuthamanga.
Amachita bwino pamasewera ena, mwachitsanzo:
- njinga,
- kutsetsereka mwachangu ndi ena.
Maulendo okhala ndi mtunda kuchokera kumamita zikwi zitatu ndi zina zambiri.
Ochita masewera akutali angatchulidwenso mwachidule, mwachitsanzo: othamanga theka, othamanga, kapena othamanga wa ultramarathon.
Popeza wothamanga atha kutenga nawo mbali m'mipikisano yamitundumitundu kapena kupikisana pamasewera osathamanga, ambiri amamvetsetsanso pansi pa dzina loti "stayer", choyambirira, chimodzi mwazomwe akatswiri amatanthauza.
Malo okhala
Kufotokozera kwa maulendo ataliatali
Monga tanenera kale, mtunda wautali, "wosakhalitsa" umatchedwa kutalika komwe kumayambira mamailo awiri (kapena 3218 mita). Nthawi zina amatchulidwa mtunda wamakilomita atatu pano. Kuphatikiza apo, izi zimaphatikizaponso kuthamanga kwa ola limodzi komwe kumachitika m'mabwalo amasewera.
Pakadali pano, malinga ndi malipoti ena, lingaliro loti "kuthamanga mtunda wautali" kapena "siter run" mwamwambo siliphatikiza theka la marathoni, marathons, ndiye kuti, mipikisano yomwe kutalika, ngakhale kuli kwakutali, sikumachitikira kubwalo lamasewera, koma pamsewu waukulu.
Kutali
Monga tanenera, kuyendetsa mtunda wautali ndimayendedwe angapo am'munda omwe amachitikira mu bwalo lamasewera.
Makamaka, izi zikuphatikiza:
- Makilomita 3218
- Makilomita 5 (mamita 5000)
- Makilomita 10 (10,000 m)
- Makilomita 15 (15,000 mita kubwaloli),
- Makilomita 20 (20,000 mita),
- Makilomita 25 (25,000 mita),
- Makilomita 30 (30,000 metres),
- Ola limodzi akuthamanga m'bwaloli.
Zachikale komanso zotchuka pakati pawo ndi:
- mtunda wa mamita 5,000,
- Mtunda wa mamita 10,000.
Ndi gawo la pulogalamu ya World Championship mu Athletics ndi Masewera a Olimpiki ndipo imachitika makamaka nthawi yachilimwe. Nthawi zina othamanga ma 5,000 amayenera kupikisana pansi pa denga.
Zotsatira zake pakutha ola limodzi zimadziwika ndi mtunda wothamanga womwe adathamanga pamsewu wa bwalolo kwa ola limodzi.
Mitundu yotalikirana imayendetsedwa mozungulira pogwiritsa ntchito poyambira. Poterepa, othamanga amathamanga m'njira yofanana.
Pamapeto omaliza asanafike kumapeto, wothamanga aliyense amva belu kuchokera kwa woweruza: izi zimathandiza kuti asalephere kuwerengera.
Kupatula kwake ndikuthamanga kwa ola. Ophunzira onse amayamba nthawi imodzimodzi, ndipo pakatha ola limodzi chizindikirocho chimasiya kuyimba. Pambuyo pake, oweruza adalemba pamsewu womwe wophunzira wayimirira. Izi zimatsimikizika ndi mwendo wakumbuyo. Zotsatira zake, yemwe adathamanga mtunda wautali mu ola limodzi amakhala wopambana.
Tiyenera kunena kuti mipikisano yamtunda samagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pamipikisano yamalonda: imatenga nthawi yayitali ndipo, mwalamulo, siyabwino kwenikweni, kupatula mwina isanathe.
Zolemba
Mtunda wa 5,000 mita
Mwa amuna, mbiri yapadziko lonse lapansi mtundawu, komanso mbiri yapadziko lonse lapansi yanyumba ndi Olimpiki, ndi za munthu yemweyo: wothamanga waku Ethiopia Kenenis Bekele.
Chifukwa chake, adalemba mbiri ya Meyi 31, 2004 ku Hengelo (Netherlands), ndikulemba mtunda wa 12:37, 35.
Dziko (M'nyumba) lidakonzedwa ndi wothamanga waku Ethiopia pa 20 February 2004 ku UK. Wothamangayo adakwirira mita 5000 mu 12: 49.60.
Mbiri ya Olimpiki (12: 57.82) Kenenis Bekele adakhazikitsidwa pa Ogasiti 23, 2008 pa Masewera a Olimpiki ku Beijing.
Aitiopiya ali ndi mbiri ya akazi 5,000 (14: 11.15)e Tirunesh Dibaba... Adaziwonetsa pa June 6, 2008 ku Oslo, Norway.
Mbiri yapadziko lonse lapansi idakhazikitsidwa ndi nzika yakomweko a Genzebe Dibaba pa February 19, 2015 ku Stockholm, Sweden.
Koma Gabriela Sabo waku Romania adakhala katswiri wa Olimpiki patali mamita 5000. Pa Seputembara 25, 2000, ku Sydney Olimpiki (Australia), adayenda mtunda uwu mu 14: 40.79.
Kutalika kwa 10,000 mita
Zolemba zapadziko lonse lapansi za amuna akutali apa ndi za wothamanga waku Ethiopia Kenenis Bekele. Pa Ogasiti 26, 2005 ku Brussels (Belgium) adathamanga mita 10,000 mu 26.17.53
Ndipo mwa akazi mtunda uwu adakutidwa ndi Aitiopiya Almaz Ayana mu 29.17.45. Izi zidachitika pa Ogasiti 12, 2016 pa Masewera a Olimpiki ku Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
Makilomita 10 (mseu waukulu)
Mwa amuna, mbiri yamakilomita 10 pamsewu waukulu ndi wake Leonard Komon wochokera ku Kenya. Adathamanga mtunda uwu mu 26.44. Izi zidachitika pa Seputembara 29, 2010 ku Netherlands.
Mwa akazi, mbiriyo ndi ya aku Britain Munda wa Radcliffe... Adathamanga makilomita 10 pamsewu waukulu ku 30.21. Izi zidachitika pa 23 February 2003 ku San Juan (Puerto Rico).
Kuthamanga kwa ola limodzi
Zolemba zapadziko lonse lapansi zothamanga ndi ma 21,285 metres. Anayikidwa ndi wothamanga wotchuka Haile Gebreselassie. Pakati pa Russia, mbiriyo ndi ya Albert Ivanov, yomwe mu 1995 idathamanga mamita 19,595 mu ola limodzi.
Zosangalatsa za mtunda ndi mtunda
Pakadali pano, mbiri yapadziko lonse lapansi yomwe ikuyenda ola limodzi ndi 21,285 mita. Uwu ndi mtunda wopitilira theka la marathon (ndi 21,097 mita). Zikuoneka kuti, wolemba mbiri yapadziko lonse lapansi mu nthawi yothamanga, Haile Gebreselassie, adamaliza theka-marathon mu mphindi 59 masekondi 28.
Nthawi yomweyo, mbiri yapadziko lonse lapansi mu theka la marathon, lomwe ndi la Kenya Wanjir wa Kenya, ndi yochepera mphindi: ndi 58 mphindi 33 masekondi.
Anthu ena amaseka: Amwenye aku Kenya nthawi zambiri amapambana kuthamanga mtunda wautali, chifukwa dzikolo lili ndi chikwangwani chonena kuti "samalani ndi mikango".
M'malo mwake, kuwongolera kwa oyimira dziko lino pamaulendo akutali kumafotokozedwa ndi izi:
- kulimbitsa thupi nthawi yayitali,
- mawonekedwe amtima: A Kenya amakhala pamtunda wa 10,000 kuposa nyanja.
Mphamvu ndizofunikira kuti mupambane kuthamanga mtunda wautali. Zimapangidwa kudzera mu maphunziro a nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, wothamanga amatha kuthamanga mpaka makilomita mazana awiri pa sabata kukonzekera mpikisano.
