Miyezo yosambira imaperekedwa pogawana maudindo amasewera ndi magulu. Zomwe amafunikira kuti akhale ndi luso komanso kuthamanga kwa osambira zimasintha nthawi ndi nthawi, nthawi zambiri polimbikitsa. Monga lamulo, zisankho zotere zimapangidwa kutengera zotsatira za Mpikisano, Mpikisano Wapadziko Lonse ndi Olimpiki. Ngati pali chizolowezi chochepetsa nthawi yomwe ophunzira amakhala akutenga mtunda, zofunikira zimakonzedwanso.
Munkhaniyi, tikulemba mndandanda wosambira wa 2020 wa amuna, akazi ndi ana. Tikuuzanso malamulo ndi zofunikira pakutsatira malamulowo, ndikupatseni zaka.
Chifukwa chiyani amawabwereka konse?
Kusambira ndimasewera omwe aliyense angathe kutenga, ngakhale atakhala amuna kapena akazi. Inde, munthu akapita padziwe kukaphunzira kusambira, samachita chidwi ndi miyezo. Ayenera kuphunzira kugwiritsitsa madzi, ndikupeza kusiyana pakati pa kapangidwe ka madzi ndi kachifuwa. Komabe, mtsogolomo, ngati mukufuna kuti nthawi zonse mumve kupita patsogolo, tikukulimbikitsani kutsatira momwe mukugwirira ntchito.
Osambira akatswiri, komabe, amayang'anira zochitika zawo zonse pamndandanda wazosambira ndi gulu, za 2020 ndi zaka zotsatira. Amatsatira zofuna zake ndikuyesetsa kuti nthawi zonse apange zotsatira.
Wothamanga akangotha kuchita zomwe zimafunikira, amapatsidwa gulu la achinyamata kapena achikulire. Otsatira ndi maudindo a Candidate Master of Sports, Master of Sports ndi Master of Sports of International Class. Udindo woyenerana nawo umapezeka potenga nawo gawo pamipikisano yanyumba, republican kapena mayiko omwe amachitika motsogozedwa ndi International Swimming Federation (FINA). Zotsatira zake zidalembedwa mwalamulo, ndipo nthawi yake iyenera kusungidwa pogwiritsa ntchito poyimitsa yamagetsi.
Kwa ana mu 2020, palibe miyezo yapadera yosambira m'mayiwe a 25 mita kapena 50 mita. Amatsogoleredwa ndi tebulo lonse. Mwana atha kulandira gulu la achinyamata kapena la ana kuyambira zaka 9, mutu wa CMS - wazaka 10, MS - wazaka 12, MSMK - wazaka 14. Anyamata ndi atsikana azaka zopitilira 14 amaloledwa kupikisana pamadzi otseguka.
Kukhala ndi udindo kapena udindo kumapereka mwayi wosambira ndikutsegulira chitseko cha Mpikisano kapena Mpikisano wapamwamba.
Gulu
Kuyang'ana mwachangu pa magome azosambira za munthu wosadziwa zambiri kungasokonezeke pang'ono. Tiyeni tiwone momwe amagawidwira:
- Kutengera mtundu wamasewera, miyezo imatsimikizika pakukwawa pachifuwa, kumbuyo, pachifuwa, gulugufe ndi zovuta;
- Miyezo yosambira imagawika amuna ndi akazi;
- Pali ma dziwe awiri okhazikika - 25 m ndi 50 m.Ngakhale wothamanga atachita mtunda womwewo mmenemo, zofunikira zidzakhala zosiyana;
- Kulemba zaka kumagawana ziziwonetsero m'magulu otsatirawa: Magulu a achinyamata a I-III, magulu achikulire a I-III, Master of Sports, MS, MSMK;
- Magulu osambira amapitilira mtunda wotsatira: sprint - 50 ndi 100 m, kutalika kwapakati - 200 ndi 400 m, malo okhala (kukwawa kokha) - 800 ndi 1500 m;
- Mpikisano umachitikira mu dziwe kapena m'madzi otseguka;
- M'madzi otseguka, mtunda wovomerezeka ndi 5, 10, 15, 25 km kapena kupitilira apo. Anyamata ndi atsikana azaka 14 amaloledwa kupita kumipikisano yotere;
Malinga ndi momwe mipikisano yamadzi otseguka ilili, mtundawo umagawika magawo awiri ofanana, kuti osambira athe kuwoloka theka ndi zomwe apano ndi ena motsutsana.
Mbiri pang'ono
Gome lomwe likupezeka pano la 2020 ndilosiyana kwambiri ndi lomwe lidagwiritsidwa ntchito, titi, mu 2000 kapena 1988. Mukakumba mozama kwambiri, mutha kupeza zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa!
Miyezo, momwe timadziwira, idayamba kuwonekera m'ma 20s m'ma XX. Izi zisanachitike, anthu analibe mwayi wopeza miyezo yolondola yazotsatira zosakhalitsa zolakwika zazing'ono.
Kodi mumadziwa kuti kusambira ndimasewera oyamba kuphatikizidwa mu Masewera a Olimpiki? Mpikisano wosambira nthawi zonse umaphatikizidwa mu pulogalamu ya Olimpiki.
Chizolowezi chokhazikika chimakhulupirira kuti chidayambitsidwa mu 1908 pomwe FINA idakhazikitsidwa. Bungweli kwa nthawi yoyamba lidasinthitsa ndikukhazikitsa malamulo ampikisano wamadzi, adazindikira momwe zinthu ziliri, kukula kwamadziwe, zofunikira mtunda. Zinali ndiye kuti muyezo onse anali m'gulu, zinali zotheka kuona mmene mfundo kusambira 50 mita kukwawa mu dziwe, nthawi yaitali bwanji kuti kusambira 5 Km m'madzi lotseguka, etc.
Miyezo tebulo
Zaka 3-5 zilizonse, gome limasintha, poganizira zotsatira zomwe zimalandiridwa pachaka. Pansipa mutha kuwona momwe kusambira kwa 2020 kwa 25m, maiwe a 50m ndi madzi otseguka. Ziwerengerozi zimavomerezedwa ndi FINA mpaka 2021.
Magulu osambira azimayi ndi abambo amalembedwa padera.
Amuna, dziwe losambira 25 m.
Amuna, dziwe losambira 50 m.
Akazi, dziwe 25 m.
Azimayi, dziwe losambira 50 m.
Mpikisano m'madzi otseguka, amuna, akazi.
Mutha kuwona zofunikira kuti mupambane kalasi ina m'matawuni awa. Mwachitsanzo, kuti ndipeze gulu la akuluakulu mu kusambira kwa mita 100, mwamuna ayenera kusambira mu dziwe la 25-mita mumasekondi 57.1, mu dziwe la 50-mita - mu masekondi 58.7.
Zofunikira ndizovuta, koma zosatheka.
Momwe mungadutse kuti mutuluke
Monga tanenera pamwambapa, kuti adutse miyezo yopezera gulu losambira, wothamanga ayenera kutenga nawo mbali pazochitika zovomerezeka. Zitha kukhala:
- Masewera apadziko lonse lapansi;
- Mpikisano waku Europe kapena World;
- Mpikisano wadziko lonse;
- Mpikisano wa Russia;
- Komiti Yadziko Lonse;
- Masewera a Olimpiki a Masewera;
- Zochitika zamasewera zilizonse zaku Russia zophatikizidwa mu ETUC (dongosolo logwirizana).
Wosambira amalembetsa, amaliza mtunda ndipo, ngati akwaniritsa zomwe zili zofunikira mu 2020, amalandila masewera pakusambira.
Cholinga cha mpikisano uliwonse m'madzi ndikuzindikira njira zabwino kwambiri zomwe ophunzira akutenga nawo mbali. Pofuna kukonza magwiridwe antchito awo, osambira amaphunzitsa zambiri komanso kwa nthawi yayitali, kukonza kulimbitsa thupi, kulumikizana kwa mayendedwe ndi kupirira. Komanso, kutsatira malamulo, omwe amaphatikizapo kuphunzitsa, kudya bwino, ndi kugona mokwanira, ndikofunikira kwambiri.
Mpikisano sunachitikire m'madziwe mwachisawawa. Pali zofunika zapadera pakuya kwa thanki, ngalande, kutsetsereka pansi ndi magawo ena omwe amakhudza chipwirikiti. Ngakhale njira zimasindikizidwa ndikudindidwa malinga ndi malamulo ovomerezeka.
Chisamaliro chapadera chimaperekedwa kwa zida za osambira. Ngakhale tsatanetsatane wocheperako ngati kapu ya silicone pamutu imatha kukhudza kuthamanga kwa mayendedwe. Chothandizira cha mphira chimapangitsa kuti thupi likhale losalala, potero zimapatsa wothamanga mwayi pang'ono kwakanthawi. Tawonani, mwachitsanzo, pamiyeso yosambira pamutu wa CCM pakukwera mita 100 - ngakhale gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a chinthu chachiwiri! Chifukwa chake sankhani chipewa choyenera ndipo musaiwale kuvala.
Zonsezi, komanso kuyang'ana kwazitsulo pazotsatira ndi chilimbikitso champhamvu, zimathandiza akatswiri othamanga kupitilira miyezo yovuta kwambiri.
