Thiamin (Vitamini B1) - malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito komanso zinthu zomwe zilipo

Thiamine (vitamini B1, antineuritic) ndi gulu lachilengedwe lomwe limakhazikitsidwa ndi mphete ziwiri za heterocyclic - aminopyrimidine ndi thiazole. Ndi kristalo wopanda mtundu, wosungunuka mosavuta m'madzi. Pambuyo kuyamwa, phosphution imachitika ndikupanga mitundu itatu ya coenzyme - thiamine monophosphate, thiamine pyrophosphate (cocarboxylase) ndi thiamine triphosphate.

Izi ndizomwe zimakhala ndi michere yambiri ndikuwonetsetsa kukhazikika kwa kusintha kwa amino acid ndikuyambitsa mapuloteni, mafuta ndi kagayidwe kazakudya, kumathandizira kukula kwa tsitsi ndikukhazikika pakhungu. Popanda iwo, kugwira ntchito kwathunthu kwa machitidwe ofunikira ndi ziwalo zaumunthu ndizosatheka.

Mtengo wa thiamine kwa othamanga

Pakukonzekera, kukwaniritsidwa kwa zolinga zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa molingana ndi kupirira komanso kukonzekera kwa othamanga kuti azichita zolimbitsa thupi. Pachifukwa ichi, kuwonjezera pa zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso zakudya zapadera, kuyeretsa thupi nthawi zonse ndi mavitamini, kuphatikizapo thiamine, kumafunika.

M'masewera aliwonse, momwe zinthu zikuyendera bwino ndimikhalidwe yabwino ya m'misili ya othamanga. Zopindulitsa za vitamini B1 pamanjenje zimathandizira ndi izi. Zimalimbikitsanso kagayidwe kake, kumalimbikitsa kupanga mphamvu mwachangu komanso kukula kwa minofu mwachangu. Chifukwa chake, kusungabe kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa m'magazi ndi minofu ndichofunikira kuti masewera olimbitsa thupi akhale olimba.

Pogwira nawo ntchito ya hematopoiesis komanso kutumiza kwa oxygen m'maselo, michereyo imathandizira kupirira, magwiridwe antchito komanso nthawi yobwezeretsa pambuyo poyesetsa kwambiri. Zotsatira za mavitaminiwa zimapangitsa kuti thupi liziyenda mopitirira muyeso komanso nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimawonjezera mphamvu yophunzitsira othamanga akutali, osambira, otsetsereka skiers ndi othamanga ena ofanana nawo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito thiamine kumapangitsa kuti minofu ikhale yolimba komanso kusangalala, kumathandizira kukulitsa zizindikiritso zamphamvu ndikuwonjezera kukana kwa thupi pazinthu zowononga zakunja. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti wothamanga amakhala wokonzeka kuthana ndi zovuta komanso kumulola kuti alimbikitse maphunziro ake popanda kuwononga thanzi.

Zofunikira tsiku ndi tsiku

Kuthamanga ndi mphamvu kwa njira zamankhwala amthupi m'thupi zimadalira kugonana, msinkhu ndi mawonekedwe amachitidwe a anthu. Kwa ana, zofunikira tsiku ndi tsiku ndizochepa: kuyambira ali wakhanda - 0,3 mg; pakukula, kumakula pang'onopang'ono mpaka 1.0 mg. Kwa munthu wachikulire yemwe amakhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino, 2 mg patsiku ndikwanira, ndikulamba izi zatsika mpaka 1.2-1.4 mg. Thupi lachikazi silifunikira vitamini iyi, ndipo kudya tsiku lililonse kumachokera ku 1.1 mpaka 1.4 mg.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi bwino kumafunikira kuchuluka kwa kudya kwa thiamine. Nthawi zina, mlingowo ukhoza kuwonjezeredwa mpaka 10-15 mg.

Zotsatira zakusowa kwa thiamine

Gawo laling'ono la vitamini B1 limapangidwa m'matumbo. Kuchuluka kofunikira kumachokera kunja ndi chakudya. Thupi labwino lili ndi pafupifupi 30 g ya thiamine. Makamaka mawonekedwe a thiamine diphosphate. Amachotsedwa mwachangu ndipo palibe masheya omwe amapangidwa. Ndikudya mopanda malire, mavuto am'mimba ndi chiwindi, kapena kuchuluka kwa zovuta, zitha kukhala zosowa. Izi zimakhudza mkhalidwe wa thupi lonse.

Choyamba, izi zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito amanjenje - kukwiya kapena mphwayi zimawonekera, kupuma movutikira poyenda, kumva nkhawa ndi kutopa. Mkhalidwe wamaganizidwe ndi malingaliro ndi luso lakaluntha zikuchepa. Mutu, chisokonezo, ndi kusowa tulo zimatha kuchitika.

Ndi kusowa kwa nthawi yayitali, polyneuritis imayamba - kuchepa kwa khungu, kupweteka m'malo osiyanasiyana amthupi, mpaka kutayika kwa tendon reflexes ndi minofu atrophy.

Kumbali yam'mimba, izi zimawonetsedwa ndi kuchepa kwa njala, mpaka kuyamba kwa anorexia ndi kuwonda. Peristalsis imasokonezeka, kudzimbidwa pafupipafupi kapena kutsegula m'mimba kumayamba. Pali kusalinganika pantchito yam'mimba ndi matumbo. Kupweteka m'mimba, nseru ndi kusanza zimachitika.

Mitsempha ya mtima imavutikanso - kugunda kwa mtima kumawonjezeka, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumachepa.

Kulephera kwa thiamine kwa nthawi yayitali kumayambitsa kukula kwa matenda akulu. Choopsa kwambiri ndi vuto lamanjenje lotchedwa "beriberi", lomwe, ngati silichiritsidwa, limatha kubweretsa ziwalo ngakhale kufa.

Kumwa mowa kumalepheretsa kupanga ndi kuyamwa vitamini B1. Zikatero, kusowa kwake kumayambitsa matenda a Gaier-Wernicke, momwe ziwalo zaubongo zimakhudzidwira, ndipo matenda am'mimba amatha kukula.

Kuchokera pazomwe tafotokozazi, zikuyenera kuti zizindikilo izi zikawonekera, muyenera kufunsa dokotala kuti amve bwino za matendawa, ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, amwe mankhwala ndi mankhwala okhala ndi thiamine.

Mavitamini owonjezera

Thiamine sichimadziunjikira m'matumba, imangoyenda pang'onopang'ono ndipo imachotsedwa mthupi. Chifukwa chake, zopitilira muyeso sizimaperekedwa ndi chakudya, ndipo zochulukirapo sizimapangidwa mthupi labwino.

Mafomu a mlingo ndi ntchito yawo

Vitamini B1 yopangidwa ndi ogulitsa mankhwala ndi yamankhwala ndipo imalembetsa ku Radar Station (Register of Medicines of Russia). Amapangidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana: m'mapiritsi (thiamine mononitrate), ngati ufa kapena yankho la jakisoni (thiamine hydrochloride) mu ampoules okhala ndimagulu osiyanasiyana azinthu zogwira ntchito (kuyambira 2.5 mpaka 6%).

Piritsi ndi mankhwala ufa amadya mukatha kudya. Pakakhala zovuta ndi chimbudzi kapena ngati kuli kofunikira kupereka mankhwala akulu kuti abwezeretse msanga mavitaminiwo, jakisoni amapatsidwa - kudzera m'mitsempha kapena kudzera m'mitsempha.

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Mankhwala aliwonse amatsagana ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito, omwe ali ndi malingaliro amiyeso ndi malamulo oyendetsera.

Bongo

Kuwonjezeka kwa ndende kumatha kuchitika ndi mulingo wolakwika wa jakisoni kapena kuyankha kokwanira kwa thupi kwa vitamini.

Zotsatira zake, kutentha kwa thupi kumatha kukwera, khungu loyabwa, kupindika kwa minofu ya spasmodic ndi kutsika kwa magazi kumatha kuwoneka. Matenda ang'onoang'ono amanjenje ngati mawonekedwe opanda nkhawa komanso kusokonezeka kwa tulo ndi kotheka.

Ndi zakudya ziti zomwe zili ndi vitamini B1

Zakudya zambiri pazakudya zamasiku onse zimakhala ndi thiamine yambiri. Wolemba mbiri mwa iwo ndi awa: mtedza, nyemba, tirigu ndi zinthu zake zopangidwa.

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Kugwirizana kwa vitamini B1 ndi zinthu zina

Vitamini B1 sichiphatikizana bwino ndi mavitamini onse a B (kupatula pantothenic acid). Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito kwa thiamine, pyridoxine ndi vitamini B12 mogwirizana kumathandizira zinthu zomwe zimapindulitsa ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zake.

Chifukwa chosagwirizana kwa mankhwala (sichingasakanizike) ndi zovuta mukalowa m'thupi (vitamini B6 imachedwetsa kutembenuka kwa thiamine, ndipo B12 imatha kuyambitsa chifuwa), imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosinthana, pakadutsa maola angapo patsiku.

Cyanocobolin, riboflavin ndi thiamine zimakhudza momwe mikhalidwe komanso kukula kwa tsitsi, ndipo zonse zitatu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ndi kukonza tsitsi. Pazifukwa zomwe zili pamwambapa komanso chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa vitamini B2 pa vitamini B1, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mosinthana. Pofuna kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa jakisoni, mankhwala ophatikizika apangidwa ndipo akupangidwa - combilipen, yomwe ili ndi cyanocobolin, pyridoxine ndi thiamine. Koma mtengo wake ndiwokwera kwambiri kuposa momwe zimakhalira zokha.

Magnesium imagwira bwino ntchito ndi thiamine ndipo imathandizira kuyiyambitsa. Chithandizo cha maantibayotiki cha nthawi yayitali komanso kumwa kwambiri khofi, tiyi ndi zinthu zina zomwe zili ndi caffeine zimasokoneza kuyamwa kwa vitamini ndipo pamapeto pake kumadzetsa kusowa kwake.

Onerani kanemayo: Thiamine Vitamin B1 Quick Review (Mulole 2025).