Chotupa chotchedwa intervertebral hernia ndikuphwanya magwiridwe antchito amtundu umodzi kapena zingapo za thupi lanyama, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kutupa ndi kupindika kwawo, mpaka kutuluka kwa annulus fibrosus, extrusion and sequestation of the nucleus pulposus. Matenda osachiritsika nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'malo opanikizika kwambiri a msana - lumbosacral. Kuphatikiza apo, milandu yoposa 90% imachitika m'magulu awiri am'munsi ophatikizika ndi mphambano ya sacrum.
Kuzindikira kwakanthawi ndi chithandizo kumakuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino komanso kupewa zovuta. Matendawa angafunike kokha ngati atadwala kwambiri.
Zifukwa
Mwa munthu wathanzi yemwe amakhala ndi moyo wokangalika ndikusunga minofu ndi mafupa, chotupa cha msana chitha kuchitika kokha chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana kwambiri kapena kuvulala. Kusintha kwa kobadwa nako kapena komwe kumapezeka m'mafupa kumawonjezera chiopsezo chodwala matendawa. Zimathandizidwanso ndi moyo wongokhala komanso kunenepa kwambiri, komwe kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa magazi, kufooka kwa corset yam'mimba komanso kuwonjezeka kwa katundu m'mbali ya msana.
Chakudya chopanda malire, chomwe chimayambitsa kusowa kwa mavitamini ndi ma microelements komanso kuphwanya njira zamankhwala am'magazi, ndichinthu china chochepetsera thanzi la minofu ndi mafupa.
Kukhala nthawi yayitali pamalo osavutikira kuntchito kapena nthawi yogona nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kupindika kwa msana, ndipo pambuyo pake - disc ya herniated.
Matendawa amatha kuyambitsidwa ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi posakweza zolemera kapena kuchita zolakwika zolimbitsa thupi.
Amayi oyembekezera ali pachiwopsezo, makamaka m'miyezi yapitayi, chifukwa chakukula kwakukulu kwa thupi lonse ndikukakamizidwa kwama disc intervertebral disc. Njira zakukalamba za thupi zimasokoneza mafupa, matupi olumikizana ndi minofu, chifukwa chake, ndi ukalamba, kuchuluka kwa matendawa kumakulirakulira. Zomwe zimayambitsa chibadwa zimakhalanso zofunika. Mwachitsanzo, scoliosis nthawi zambiri imachokera.
Zizindikiro
Malingana ndi dera la zilondazo, zizindikiro za matendawa zimakhala ndi zizindikiro zawo.
- Dera lumbosacral limadziwika ndikukula kwa "kupweteka" kwa dera lamsana, lomwe limakulira pansi pakatundu mpaka pachimake. Zowawa zimatha kuchitika mu minofu yolimba ndi kumbuyo kwa ntchafu ndi mwendo wapansi. Kufooka kumawonekera m'miyendo ndikumverera kwa madera awo kumakulirakulira, ntchito ya ziwalo zoberekera zimakhala zovuta.
- Mavuto a msana wamtundu wa chiberekero amawonetsedwa ndi kupweteka kwa mkono kapena phewa, kufooka kwa zala, chizungulire pafupipafupi, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndipo, chifukwa chake, mutu.
- Kupweteka pafupipafupi m'chifuwa kumatha kukhala chizindikiro cha kusintha kwamatenda m'dera lino la msana.
Chithunzi cha disc ya herniated. © Alexandr Mitiuc - stock.adobe.com
Amene amachiritsa
Zizindikiro za ma disc a herniated ndizofanana ndi kuwonekera koyamba kwa zovuta zina zambiri zamagulu ndi zina. Poyamba, wothandizirayo amamveketsa zomwe zapezeka ndipo amatanthauza katswiri woyenera.
Ndi dokotala uti amene angachiritse nthenda ya msana kutengera kuopsa kwa zizindikilo za matendawa komanso kuchuluka kwa ma disc a intervertebral disc.
Monga lamulo, katswiri wa zamagulu amachititsa kuti munthu adziwe bwinobwino ndikulamula njira yothandizira. Ntchito yake ndikudziwitsa kuopsa kwa matendawa, komanso zifukwa zake. Kutengera zotsatira, amayamba kudzichitira wodwalayo (mwazovuta zina zamitsempha), kapena kumutumiza kwa katswiri wina akafufuza mozama zosintha zamatenda ndikulondola pazilondazo.
Posachedwapa, pali latsopano akatswiri a zachipatala - vertebrologist. Amayang'ana mopapatiza - ndi matenda, chithandizo ndi kupewa matenda a msana ndi mafupa. Kwenikweni, kuti athetse mavuto, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala ndi njira zina zothandizira dera lomwe lakhudzidwa, lomwe limaganizira zovuta za vertebra iliyonse m'thupi la munthu.
Odwala omwe amafunikira chithandizo chosagwira ntchito ndikubwezeretsanso ntchito za mafupa a mafupa omwe atayika chifukwa cha matendawa amatumizidwa kwa orthopedist. Amagwiritsa ntchito njira zonse ziwiri zamankhwala ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira: machitidwe a physiotherapy (zolimbitsa thupi), mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kutikita ndi kulimbitsa thupi.
Buku lothandizira, lomwe silidziwika ndi mankhwala ovomerezeka, pogwiritsa ntchito moyenera, limachepetsa ma syndromes opweteka ndikubwezeretsanso mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya msana.
Njira za physiotherapy zimaperekedwa kuti muchepetse kutupa ndi minofu ya hypertonia m'deralo. Pachifukwa ichi, njira zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi, zamagetsi ndi hydrodynamic zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ntchito zama neurosurgeon zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zovuta kwambiri, pomwe njira zonse sizinabweretse zotsatira zabwino ndipo chikhodzodzo chotsatira kapena kuwonjezeka kumachitika, zomwe zimatha kubweretsa zovuta zoyipa. Kuvulala kwa msana kumafunikiranso kuchitidwa opaleshoni.
Momwe mungachepetsere kupweteka
Mankhwala ambiri ochepetsa ululu komanso odana ndi zotupa amapezeka pamalonda, omwe amabwera ngati mapiritsi, mafuta odzola, mafuta, ndi madontho. Amachepetsa kupweteka pamlingo wina ndi mzake ndikuthandizira kuchepetsa njira yotupa.
Ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi malangizo omwe ali pamenepo komanso mosamala kuti zotsatirapo zisawononge kapangidwe kazimbudzi kapena ziwalo zina zofooka.
Kudzichiritsa sikungachitike kwa masiku opitilira awiri. Ngati zizindikiro zikupitirira, pitani kuchipatala.
Njira zopanda chithandizo
Ntchito yayikulu ya chithandizo chotere ndi kuthetsa ululu ndikubwezeretsa gawo lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi msana.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo
Zithandizo zazikuluzikulu mwa njirayi ndi mankhwala odana ndi zotupa komanso antispasmodic omwe amachotsa kupweteka komanso kutuluka kwa minofu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunja - monga mafuta ndi pakamwa - piritsi kapena jakisoni wa mu mnofu amaperekedwa.
Kupititsa patsogolo minofu yolumikizana, ma chondroprotectors apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, ma multivitamin complex amapatsidwa kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito zobwezeretsa za thupi.
Kutsekereza
Osakwanira chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, oyang'anira am'deralo (blockade) amagwiritsidwa ntchito molunjika kudera lomwe lakhudzidwa, komwe kumapeto kwa mitsempha kumakhazikika. Amadziwika pogwiritsa ntchito makina a X-ray ndipo njirayi imachitika moyang'aniridwa ndi mankhwala oletsa ululu am'deralo.
Mankhwala othandizira
Njira yothandizirayi imapereka zotsatira zabwino m'magawo oyamba a matendawa, koma samachotsa kusintha kosafunikira kwama disc a intervertebral disc ndi matenda ena.
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Izi zimatulutsa mitsempha yotsinidwayo mwa kupumula minofu ndikubwezeretsa mafupa ndi nthiti kumalo awo oyamba. Njira zoterezi ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi akatswiri oyenerera omwe ali ndi chilolezo chochita izi komanso motsogozedwa ndi dokotala.
Zithandizo za anthu
Pali mitundu yambiri ya maphikidwe ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zathanzi. Koma ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito omwe adayesedwa kangapo komanso odalirika.
- Kuponderezana kothandizidwa ndi uchi wokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yodzaza zachilengedwe kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino.
- Zimathandizira kuthana ndi hypertonicity popaka mafuta amafuta m'dera lomwe lakhudzidwa ndikuwapaka nsalu yaubweya.
- Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa hirudotherapy kumachepetsa magazi, kumawongolera ma microcirculation, omwe amathandizira kupititsa patsogolo njira zochira.
- Njira yakalekale monga kutema mphini imathandizanso kupweteka komanso kupweteka kwa minofu.
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Opaleshoni
Pakakhala zotsatira zosakhutiritsa za njira zamankhwala zapamwambazi komanso kupitilira kwa matendawa, komwe kumawopseza kufooka kapena kufooka kwa msana kapena ziwalo zina, njira imodzi yothandizira opangira opaleshoni imaperekedwa.
Discectomy
Uku ndi opaleshoni yam'mimba yochitidwa pansi pa anesthesia wamba. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse (95% yamilandu) ndi njirayi, disc yonse ya intervertebral disc imachotsedwa, chifukwa kuchotsedwa kwake pang'ono sikukutsimikizira kubwereranso kwa chophukacho. Ngakhale kuyendetsa bwino (kupitirira 50%) ndikosavuta kukhazikitsa, njirayi ili ndi zovuta - ndi nthawi yayitali yochira (kuyambira mwezi umodzi mpaka miyezi iwiri) komanso chiopsezo chofufumitsa ndi zomata.
Opaleshoni ya endoscopic
Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, mankhwala oletsa ululu am'deralo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo chubu yapadera imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imayikidwa kudzera paching'onoting'ono pakati pa vertebrae. Kamera ndi chida chimatsitsidwira mu chubu ichi kuchotsa chophukacho. Njira yonse yochitira opaleshoni ya endoscopic imayang'aniridwa pogwiritsa ntchito chithunzichi poyang'anira, chomwe chimafalitsidwa ndi kamera. Njirayi ndi yothandiza kwambiri (yoposa 80%), imayambitsa kuwonongeka kochepa pamatenda a wodwalayo ndipo sikufuna kuchipatala pambuyo pa opareshoni.
Opaleshoni ya laser ya Microsurgical
Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa kukula kwa ma pulposus amkati ndikubwezeretsa mawonekedwe a vertebra. Opaleshoniyo imachitidwa pansi pa dzanzi ndipo imayang'aniridwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina a X-ray. Singano yapadera yokhala ndi chitsogozo chowala mkati imayikidwa mu nyukiliya pulposus, momwe kuwala kwamtundu winawake wamphamvu kumafalikira kuchokera ku laser. Zotsatira zake, gawo lina lamadzi limatentha ndikusandulika (nthunzi imachotsedwa ndi gasi yapadera), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phokoso likhale locheperako, kuchepa kwamphamvu mkati mwa disc ya intervertebral ndikubwerera kumalo ake oyamba.
Iyi ndi njira yothandiza, yopweteketsa mtima komanso yopweteka. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwazaka zakuchepa kwamadzimadzi m'madiski, pali choletsa kugwira ntchito ndi zaka (mpaka zaka 45).
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi chophukacho
Pofuna kupewa kukulirakulira kapena kubwerezabwereza kwa chotupa chotchinga, m'pofunika kuchepetsa katundu pa msana ndikupewa kusunthika mwadzidzidzi kapena kupindika. Nthawi zonse sankhani malo omasuka mukamagwira ntchito yanthawi yayitali, mozindikira mugawireko polemetsa katundu wolemera.
Yoga
Makalasi a Yoga ali ndi gawo lothandiza pamtundu wonse waminyewa - kuyenda kwamalumikizidwe kumakulirakulira, kutambasula kwa minofu ndikulimba kwawo ndi kukhathamira kwawo, corset ya minofu imalimbikitsidwa. Izi zimathandiza kubwezeretsa ntchito zothandizira msana ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda ake.
Musanayambe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, muyenera kufunsa dokotala.
Yoga. © madeinitaly4k - stock.adobe.com
Maphunziro pa zoyeserera
Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino pamitunduyi, choyambirira, muyenera kusankha zoyeserera zofunikira ndi maphunziro olondola, poganizira zaumoyo ndi malingaliro a dokotala yemwe akupezekapo. Pachifukwa ichi, kuwonjezera pa wogwira ntchito zachipatala, wophunzitsa amathanso kuthandizira. Mwambiri, ndi bwino kusiya katundu wamagetsi mpaka kumapeto kwa konzanso, masewera olimbitsa thupi amatha kuchitidwa, i.e. kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi panjinga, treadmill, ndi zina zambiri.
Masewera
Kutengera kulimba kwa msana wophatikizika, umakhazikitsa malamulo ngakhale pamasewera okonda masewera. Kwa akatswiri, awa nthawi zambiri amakhala kumapeto kwa ntchito yamasewera. Mulimonsemo, posankha masewera, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti maphunziro omwe amafunika kuyambiranso matendawa amatha kuputa:
- Kutalika kwanthawi yayitali kapena katundu umodzi wosalala msana.
- Kusuntha kwakuthwa kokhotakhota mopindika ndi kupindika.
- Katundu wosokoneza (mitundu ingapo yolumpha).
Kusambira kumalimbitsa msana bwino.
Olimbitsa thupi
Pali machitidwe ambiri a masewera olimbitsa thupi okonzanso ndi kubwezeretsanso mphamvu zamagulu ndi ziwalo. Kwa ena, makina apadera amachitidwe oyeserera apangidwa (dongosolo la Dikul ndi Dr. Bubnovsky). Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mugwiritse ntchito mwatsatanetsatane magulu amtundu uliwonse, kutsitsa ndikutambasula magawo osiyanasiyana a msana. Pazochitika zilizonse, pulogalamu yamunthu imasankhidwa.
Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la msana, ndikofunikira kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku ndi tsiku kuti akhalebe olimba komanso kuti msana usinthe.
Kukonzanso
Nthawi ndi njira zakukonzanso zimadalira njira zamankhwala komanso momwe wodwalayo aliri panthawi yomaliza. Malangizo okhudza nthawi yochepetsera katundu, njira zofunika kukonzanso ndi zovuta zolimbitsa thupi zimapangidwa ndi dokotala yemwe amapezeka.
Kutsekeka kwa msana
Munthu amakhala nthawi yayitali pamalo owongoka ndipo gawo la msana limapanikizika nthawi zonse pama discs a intervertebral disc, omwe amachepetsa mtunda pakati pa ma vertebrae ndipo amatha kuwapangitsa kuti asamuke. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale thupi labwino, ndikofunikira kuti nthawi ndi nthawi muzichita zolimbitsa thupi.
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Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zotambasulira msana pochizira matenda opatsirana pogonana: makina osiyanasiyana olimbitsa thupi kutengera zolemera kapena zotanuka, zida zapadera zochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi m'madzi, ndi zimbudzi zokoka. Pambuyo pa njirazi, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito corset kwakanthawi ndikupanga masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amalimbitsa minofu yakumbuyo tsiku lililonse.
Corset
Mu nthawi ya postoperative komanso pakuchira kuvulala, pamakhala chiopsezo chosunthira ma disc a intervertebral. Pofuna kupewa izi, zida zapadera (corsets) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimachepetsa kulemera kwa msana, kukonza mawonekedwe ofunikira a thupi ndikuchepetsa mayendedwe azizunguliro ndi zofuna za thupi.
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Ndi msana wokhazikika, m'pofunika kusiya pang'onopang'ono kugwiritsa ntchito zida zothandizira kuti tipewe kudalira kwathunthu chifukwa cha kufooka kwa minofu.
Zotsatira
Mu zamankhwala akum'maŵa, sizangochitika mwangozi kuti mawu oti "mbuye wa msana" amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Chifukwa ziwalo zonse zaumunthu ndi machitidwe amagwirira ntchito motsogozedwa ndi zotumphukira zamanjenje, zomwe ndizapakati. Thanzi la khungu lililonse limadalira momwe limagwirira ntchito.
Kuchedwa kapena kusachita bwino kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo a hernia kungayambitse matenda amtundu uliwonse ndikusokoneza magwiridwe antchito ofunikira.
Kutsirizira kwa mitsempha, kuphatikiza zowonekera mwanjira yakumva kupweteka kwamitsempha, kumakhumudwitsa mtima wamitsempha yam'mimba ndi m'mimba. Pali kusalinganizana pakati pa njira zamagetsi, ndipo kutupa kumatha kuchitika m'malo osiyanasiyana (kapamba, chiwindi, bronchi).Ngati simukuchitapo kanthu kuti muchepetse kutsina, ndiye kuti izi zitha kuyambitsa ziwalo za miyendo, kukula kwa matenda aakulu, kulumala komanso kufa.
Chakudya
Kulemera kwambiri kumatha kuyambitsa msana wamtsempha. Chifukwa chake, kukhazikika kwake ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti thupi lili ndi thanzi labwino. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa kale. Kudya moyenera pamodzi ndi moyo wokangalika kumachotsa mafuta amthupi ndikuchepetsa thupi.
Ndikofunika kusintha zakudya - kudya zakudya zambiri zomanga thupi, kuchepetsa kudya mchere, kumwa madzi ambiri ndikuwonetsetsa kuti thupi ladzaza ndi mavitamini ndikutsata zinthu. Kenako chithandizo ndi kubwezeretsa msana kudzakhala kwachangu ndipo chiopsezo chobwereranso chidzachepa.
Kupewa
Moyo wokangalika komanso zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndizo maziko oletsa kupezeka kwamatenda am'mimba. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kukhalabe ndi mawonekedwe abwino a thupi ndikulimbitsa corset ya minyewa ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse.
Kukweza zolemetsa ndi ntchito zolemetsa ziyenera kuchitidwa m'malo okhazikika omwe amachotsa katundu wambiri, amapereka bata, amakhala olimba komanso amagawa moyenera katundu amene akukwezedwa m'magulu onse a minofu.
Chifukwa chake chidwi chimayenera kulipidwa pakuyenda ndikuyenda ndikukhala: kumbuyo kuyenera kukhala kowongoka, mapewa - omasulidwa. Mukamagwira ntchito, kukula ndi malo azida (mpando, tebulo, kompyuta, kuyatsa kwanuko) ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za ergonomic.
