Phazi la munthu ndi gawo limodzi lofunikira kwambiri m'thupi, popanda kusuntha komwe sikungakhale kotheka. Ndi gawo lirilonse, gawo ili limafikira 125-250% ya kulemera kwathunthu kwa munthu. Avereji ya anthu amatenga masitepe opitilira 4 zikwi patsiku, womwe ndi katundu wambiri.
Kapangidwe ka phazi sikadasinthe kwazaka mazana angapo, ndipo matenda onse ndi zopindika zimayambitsidwa ndi kuvala kosalekeza kwa nsapato zosasangalatsa komanso zolakwika. Kuti mumvetsetse momwe gawo ili la matupi limagwirira ntchito, muyenera kumvetsetsa zomwe mwendo umapangidwa - kapangidwe ka phazi.
Kapangidwe kamiyendo
Mapazi amabwera mosiyanasiyana, makulidwe, kukula kwake, komanso malo komanso kutalika kwa zala zakuphazi.
Pali zosankha zitatu kwathunthu:
- Greek ndi mitundu yosowa kwambiri yomwe cholozera chakumaso chimakhala chachitali kuposa chachikulu.
- Igupto ndiye mtundu wofala kwambiri, kutalika kwa zala kumatsatira mzere wakugwa.
- Chiroma - 1/3 ya anthu ali ndi phazi loterolo, mawonekedwe ake ndiwofanana kutalika kwa chala chachikulu ndi cham'manja.
Ngakhale zomwe phazi limatha kupirira, ndilofunanso kwambiri m'thupi la munthu. Ndi gulu lolakwika kapena ladzidzidzi, mutha kupindika kapena kutuluka kwa mitsempha, yomwe imaphatikizapo chithandizo chotalika komanso chosasangalatsa.
Mikwingwirima ndi ming'alu zimapezekanso nthawi zambiri, makamaka phalanges ya zala ndi fupa la chidendene. Koma kubwezeretsa kwa magawo a phazi ndikutalika kwambiri ndipo kumatha kutenga miyezi 1 mpaka 6.
Mafupa amiyendo
Munthu wamba wopanda zopindika kapena zovuta paphazi ali ndi mafupa 26 osiyanasiyana. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ngati kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa m'modzi mwa iwo, ma biomechanics oyenda amasokonekera, mpaka munthu atha kukhala wopweteka kuponda phazi. Zala zonse zili ndi ma phalange atatu, ndipo yayikuluyo ili ndi iwiri yokha.
Mndandanda wa mafupa:
- phalanges zala (proximal, pakati ndi distal);
- chitsulo;
- scaphoid;
- chifuwa chachikulu cha chidendene;
- nzimbe;
- chovala;
- kuthamanga;
- talus chipika;
- mutu wa talus;
- woboola pakati.
Ziwalo ndi chichereŵechereŵe
Malumikizidwe ndikulumikiza kosunthika kwa mafupa awiri kapena kupitilira apo pamalo amodzi. Malo omwe amakhudza amatchedwa karoti (minofu yapadera yolumikizana). Ndi chifukwa cha izi kuti munthu amatha kuyenda mosavuta komanso mosavutikira. Mgwirizano wofunikira kwambiri ndi olumikizana ndi bondo. Ndi amene anagwidwa masewera a karati ndipo akuyamba kupindika.
Kuphulika kwa ma tendon sikumangokhala kowawa kokha, komanso kumakhala kopweteketsa mtima, mpaka kuphatikiza kupunduka. Mwendo, polumikiza, umalumikiza mwendo ndi phazi ndipo ndiye gawo lofunikira. Palinso mafupa a metatarsophalangeal, omwe, monga dzina limanenera, amalumikiza phalanges zala zakumapazi ndi fupa la metatarsal.
Tendon ndi Mitsempha
Tendons ndizowonjezera minofu yomwe imawalumikiza ndi mafupa. Pali mitundu ingapo: mu mawonekedwe a omwe amalumpha, afupikitsa, otalikirapo, otambalala komanso opapatiza. Koma ngakhale amasiyana zakunja, ntchitoyi ndiyofanana kwa aliyense.
Ma tendon amapangidwa ndi mitolo yofanana ndendende ndi kapangidwe ka minofu yabwinobwino ya munthu. Zimakhala zolimba komanso sizitulutsa zotanuka.
Kuvulala kwamapazi komwe kumachitika ndimphongo. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mu akakolo mutangoyenda mwadzidzidzi, mwendo wolakwika, kapena kutambasula kwapadera.
Ndi kuvulala kocheperako, kumangika pang'ono, ndikatikati, kumatuluka misozi yaying'ono yamatenda, ndipo chovuta kwambiri - kutuluka kwa tendon yonse. Kuwonongeka kwathunthu kwamatendawa kumafuna kuchira kwanthawi yayitali popanda kuyenda. Mitsempha ndi minofu yomwe imalumikiza zimfundo ndikuzigwira momwe zimakhalira.
Minofu ya phazi
Minofu ya phazi imagawika m'magulu awiri: chomera ndi kumbuyo. Pali 19 onse. Ngakhale ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe amadziwa zomwe ali, ma biomechanics onse oyenda amatengera magulu amtunduwu.
Ngati zawonongeka kapena zofooka, mutha kuvulaza phazi kapena zina zake. Magulu amiyendo ya phazi sangapangidwe kapena kupititsidwa patsogolo. Amakhala olimba poyenda kwambiri: kuyenda, kuthamanga, kudumpha, ndi zina zambiri.
Pansi pamiyendo pamakhala gulu lamagulu apakati, apakatikati komanso ofananira nawo, omwe amatchedwanso ma flexors. Pamphepete mwa phazi pali kanthawi kochepa kofinya komanso kosalala.
Magazi
Magazi amalowa phazi kudzera mumitsempha iwiri: mitsempha yam'mbuyo ndi yotsalira. Momwemonso, michere yofunikira imafika kuphazi, imagawidwa kudzera m'mitsempha ndi ma capillaries molunjika m'matumba. Kenako magazi amapopedwanso pogwiritsa ntchito mitsempha 4: ziwiri zakuya komanso ziwiri zachiphamaso.
Chachikulu kwambiri mwa izo ndi chikulu chachikulu chopangira, chomwe chimayambira pazala zazikulu zamkati kuchokera mkati. Chofanana ndi chachikulu ndimitsempha yaying'ono. Mitsempha ya tibial ili kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwamiyendo. Ndizowonjezera mitsempha yambiri.
Chikhalidwe
Kusakhazikika ndi misempha yomwe imapereka kulumikizana ndi dongosolo lamanjenje lamunthu.
Khungu la phazi limachitika mothandizidwa ndi mitsempha iyi:
- subcutaneous;
- kumbuyo kwenikweni;
- zamkati zamkati;
- kumbuyo wapakatikati.
Mitsempha itatu yoyamba imaphimba zokhazokha, zomwe zimachokera ku tibial. Imatumiza zikhumbo kuchokera pakati pa akakolo komanso nthawi zina kupita m'mbali mwa chala.
Mitsempha yamankhwala imayang'anira dera lakumtunda kwa chala chachikulu, cholozera ndi zala zapakati. Wapakatikati cutaneous amatumiza zikhumbo m'dera la chala ndi chala chaching'ono. Mitsempha yeniyeni imayambitsa gawo lotsatira la phazi lonse.
Mwachilengedwe, pamakhala milandu pomwe munthu aliyense alibe imodzi mwamitsempha iyi ndipo winayo ndi amene amachititsa tsambalo. Kumbuyo kwa phazi, mitsempha yamkati imatumiza zikhumbo kupita ku gawo lapakati, ndipo mbali yotsatira imafikira khungu lonse.
Imodzi mwa matenda omwe amapezeka omwe amawonongeka, kusasunthika kwa phazi, ndi neuropathy.
Ndi matendawa, dongosolo lamanjenje lamanjenje limadwala. Izi zikuwonetseredwa pakuchulukitsitsa kwa khungu pakulimbikitsa, kusachita mwaufulu, kusokonekera kwa minofu ya phazi.
Matendawa amapezeka chifukwa cha:
- kumwa kwambiri zakumwa zoledzeretsa;
- kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo;
- kusintha kwa majini;
- mavuto a chiwindi;
- matenda a shuga;
- Kutenga nthawi yayitali pakhungu la zinthu zapoizoni;
- kusowa kwa mavitamini mthupi nthawi zonse;
- matenda opatsirana.
Ngati matendawa sakuchiritsidwa, amatha kuyambitsa zilonda zam'mimba ndi ming'alu pakhungu, ndipo pambuyo pake zimayambitsa ziwalo za miyendo. Kubwezeretsa kwamanjenje kwamtundu uliwonse wa thupi ndi njira yayitali, yovuta komanso yosatheka nthawi zonse. Chithandizo mwachangu chikayambika ndi vuto lotere, pamakhala mwayi wokulirapo.
Phazi ndi gawo limodzi lofunikira kwambiri pamanofu aumunthu. Popeza ili ndi gawo lotsika kwambiri lamthupi, gawo ili limapanikizika kwambiri pazochitika zilizonse zapakhomo.
Pankhani yovulala kapena zopweteka zilizonse phazi, muyenera kulumikizana ndi akatswiri, chifukwa nthawi zina izi zimatha kubweretsa zovuta zosatheka. Pochepetsa chiopsezo chovulala ndikulimbitsa phazi lanu, muyenera kupanga matumbo ake. Izi zimatheka kudzera m'maphunziro osasintha ndi masewera.
