Aliyense, mwina, tsiku lina amafunsa funso kuti: ndi mbalame iti yofulumira kwambiri padziko lapansi? Kodi ikuyenda mofulumira bwanji? Kodi amawoneka bwanji ndipo amadya chiyani? Tinaganiza zoyankha mafunso onsewa munkhani yatsopanoyi, pomwe tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane za moyo, malo okhala, zizolowezi za cholengedwa chothamanga kwambiri padziko lapansi, komanso, ngati bonasi, tipereka pano mndandanda wa mbalame zina zisanu ndi zinayi zomwe zidadabwitsanso anthu. liwiro laulendo wawo.
Falcon ya Peregine: nyama yothamanga kwambiri padziko lapansi
Mwinanso ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti liwiro la mbalame yothamanga kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ikamatha kufika makilomita mazana atatu mphambu makumi awiri ndi awiri paola. Poyerekeza, izi ndizofanana ndi 90 mita pamphindi! Palibe nyama padziko lapansi yomwe ingafikenso pa liwiro ili.
Kwa iwo omwe akufuna kudziwa nyama 10 zapamwamba kwambiri padziko lapansi, takonzekera nkhani ina yosangalatsa patsamba lathu.
Kumanani ndi kabawi wa peregrine, tsamba lofulumira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Munthu wokongola uyu wochokera kubanja la mphamba amasiyana ndi nyama zonse osati kuthamanga kwake kokha, komanso luntha lake kwambiri. Kuyambira kale, anthu amaweta mbalame zothamanga kwambiri padziko lapansi ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito pamasewera otchuka ku Middle Ages - falconry.
Mwa njira, nkhono ya peregrine nthawi zonse imakhala mbalame, yomwe aliyense samatha kuyisunga. Mu ntchito yotchuka ya Chingerezi Boke of St. Ma Albans ", kuyambira 1486, akuti munthu wam'banja lokwezeka kwambiri, monga kalonga kapena kalonga, ndi amene angakhale ndi kabawi wa peregrine.
Tsoka ilo, ndi chifukwa cha kunyalanyaza kwaumunthu kuti zolengedwa zofulumira kwambiri padziko lapansi zidatsala pang'ono kutha pankhope ya Dziko lapansi ngati mtundu. M'zaka makumi anai zapitazo, pamene mankhwala ophera tizilombo anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo pakati pawo DDT, ma falcine ochepa omwe anali kale anali atatsala pang'ono kutha. Mankhwalawa, omwe adathiridwa m'minda, adasokoneza mbalame zamtunduwu, chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwawo kudayamba kuchepa. Ndipo kokha mu 1970, pomwe kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo mu ulimi kunaletsedwa, anthu omwe anali ndi mapepala othamanga kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi adayambiranso kukula.
Kukula kwa mbalame yayikulu kumatha kusiyanasiyana kuyambira masentimita makumi atatu ndi asanu mpaka makumi asanu, ndipo zazimayi nthawi zonse zimakhala zazikulu kuposa zamphongo. Mtundu wa thupi lakumtunda ndi wotuwa, pamimba ndikuwala. Mlomo ndi waufupi, wopindika (monga mpheta zonse), ndipo nkhonya yake imakhala yamphamvu kwambiri akamakumana nayo, mutu wa wovulalayo nthawi zambiri umawuluka. Amadyetsa mbalame monga nkhunda kapena bakha, ndi nyama zazing'ono monga mbewa, agologolo apansi, hares ndi agologolo.
Peregrine Falcon idatchulidwa kumapeto kwa msonkhano wa CITES, komwe sikuletsedwa konse kugulitsa kulikonse padziko lapansi. Komanso, mbalame yofulumira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yatchulidwa mu Red Book of the Russian Federation, ngati mtundu wosowa kwambiri.
Mphezi zamapiko: mbalame 10 zothamanga kwambiri padziko lapansi
Nawa oimira ochepa mbalame omwe angakugonjetseni mwachangu. Tikudziwa kale kuti ndi ndani amene amatenga malo oyamba - mosakayikira, kabawi kameneka ndiye cholengedwa chothamanga kwambiri padziko lapansi. Koma ndani amamutsatira mwachangu:
Mphungu yagolide
Chiwombankhanga chagolide chikuyeneradi kutenga malo achiwiri olemekezeka pamndandanda wathu mwachangu kwambiri padziko lapansi, chifukwa kuthamanga kwake kutha kufika 240-320 km / h, yomwe siyotsika kwambiri kuposa liwiro la omwe adalipo kale. Mphungu yagolide ndi ya mbalame zazikulu kwambiri zamtundu wa ziwombankhanga, chifukwa mapiko ake amatha kufikira masentimita mazana awiri mphambu makumi anayi, ndipo kutalika kwake kumasiyana masentimita makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu asanu ndi limodzi mpaka makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu atatu.
Mphungu yagolide ndi chilombo, imasaka mbalame zazing'ono ndi makoswe, ndi nyama zazing'ono, mwachitsanzo, zimatha kutenga nkhosa. Chifukwa chakuda kwake ndi nthenga zagolide pakhosi ndi nape, mbalameyi idalandira dzina la Golden Eagle, lomwe limatanthauza "chiwombankhanga chagolide" mchingerezi.
Singano wothamanga
Wothamanga ndi singano, wotchedwanso keytail, ali pamalo achitatu pamndandanda wathu wothamanga kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kuthamanga kwake kumatha kufika 160 km / h, ndipo momwe moyo wake sukumvekera bwino. Kulemera kwa mbalameyi sikupitirira magalamu zana ndi makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu zisanu, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi kuli masentimita makumi awiri mphambu awiri. Wothamanga msomali wasankha Siberia ndi Far East ngati malo ake ku Russian Federation, ndipo nthumwi za banjali zimawulukira ku Australia nthawi yachisanu. Mbalame yaying'ono iyi idatchulidwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a mchira wake - osati wopingasa, monga ma swifts ambiri, koma amatoleredwa kumapeto amodzi kapena singano.
Zosangalatsa
Mbalame yapakatikatiyi (pafupifupi masentimita makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi zitatu mphambu makumi atatu mphambu zisanu ndi chimodzi kukula kwake) imakhalanso nyama yodya nyama ndipo ndi ya banja la mphamba, monga wolemba mbiri yathu - nkhono ya peregrine, yomwe, mwa njira, imawoneka ngati zosangalatsa. Koma, mosiyana ndi iye, liwiro lakuthawira kwa munthu wokonda kusewera limakhala pafupifupi 150 km / h. Komanso, chilombo champhalachi chimadziwika kuti sichimanga zisa zake zokha, ndipo chifukwa cha kuswana anapiye amakonda kukhala m'nyumba zakale za mbalame zina, mwachitsanzo, mpheta, khwangwala kapena magpie.
Frigate
Frigate ndi mbalame yowala komanso yachilendo yomwe imakonda kukhala m'malo otentha, mwachitsanzo, ku Seychelles kapena Australia. Liwiro la kayendedwe kake ndilabwino - limatha kufikira 150 km / h, pomwe frigate imatha kuthera nthawi yayitali mlengalenga. Maonekedwe a amuna ndi osangalatsa kwambiri - pachifuwa cha aliyense wa iwo pali thumba lofiira lofiira, lomwe kukula kwake kumakhala akazi odalirika kwambiri. Achifriji adatchula dzina lawo polemekeza zombo zankhondo zamtundu womwewo, popeza ali ndi chizolowezi chotenga chakudya kuchokera ku mbalame zina powazunza.
Mbalame yotchedwa albatross
Ngati peregrine falcon ikhoza kuonedwa kuti ndi yofulumira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa chothamanga kwambiri, ndiye kuti albatross yaimvi imagwira mwamphamvu mpikisano wothamanga, womwe udalowetsedwa mu Guinness Book of Records. Itha kuyenda 127 km / h osachedwetsa kwa maola asanu ndi atatu athunthu, zomwe zidatsimikizira mu 2004. Monga dzina lake limatanthawuzira, albatross iyi ndi imvi phulusa, ndipo kutalika kwake kumafikira masentimita makumi asanu ndi atatu.
Kodi mukudziwa mbiri yapadziko lonse lapansi yothamanga kwa munthu? Ngati sichoncho, onetsetsani kuti muwerenga nkhani ina patsamba lathu.
Spur tsekwe
Atsekwe a Spur nawonso ndi mbalame zothamanga kwambiri, popeza 142 km / h ndiye kuthamanga kwawo kwambiri. Mbalamezi zimakhala ku Africa, zimadya zomera zam'madzi, komanso sizinyansidwa ndi mbewu zolimidwa - tirigu ndi chimanga. Tsekwe yotchera idatchedwa nayo dzina chifukwa chakuthwa chakupha paphewa pake. Atsekwe amayang'ana makamaka kachilomboka kakang'ono, kamene kagwiritsidwe ntchito kawo kamagwiritsa ntchito poyizoni ndi tsekwe.
Kuphatikiza kwapakatikati
Koma kuphatikiza kwapakati, ngakhale kuli ndi dzina loseketsa, ndi m'modzi mwa oimira abulu kwambiri. Mitundoyi ndiyeneranso - bere loyera-loyera, mimba yoyera ndi khosi, kumbuyo kwakuda ndi kulocha kobiriwira. Wapakati merganser amasiyana achibale ake onse mu chinthu chimodzi chokha - akhoza kukhala moona mbiri liwiro - 129 Km / h.
American Swift wamabele oyera
M'malo mwake, pali ma swifts ambiri aku America - mitundu isanu ndi itatu. Koma ndiwothamanga waku America yemwe ali ndi bere loyera yemwe ali pakati pawo kuti agwirizane ndi ndege yothamanga kwambiri - amatha kuwuluka mkati mwa 124 km / h. Wothamanga amadyetsa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, chifukwa cha kusaka komwe amakhala nthawi yayitali mlengalenga.
Kutsika
Ndi chizolowezi kuyitanitsa mtundu wonse wamabanja abakha, womwe umasiyana, makamaka, abakha chifukwa omwe amawaimira amakonda kudya chakudya chawo ndikulowera m'madzi, ndipamene dzinali loseketsa limachokera. Mbalamezi zimadziwikanso chifukwa choti zili m'gulu la khumi mwachangu kwambiri, chifukwa kuthamanga kwawo kumatha kufika 116 km / h.
Makamaka kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuphunzira momwe angaphunzirire kuthamanga mtunda wautali, pali nkhani patsamba lathu yomwe iyankha funso ili mwatsatanetsatane.
Ndi mbalameyi, yomwe ili m'malo khumi pakufufuza kwathu pakati pa mbalame, timaliza nkhaniyo. Pitani patsamba lathu nthawi zambiri - tili ndi zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa!
