Chilengedwe
3K 0 02/20/2019 (kuunikanso komaliza: 02/28/2019)
Creatine phosphate (dzina la Chingerezi - creatine phosphate, mankhwala amadzimadzi - C4H10N3O5P) ndi gulu lamagetsi lamphamvu lomwe limapangidwa popanga phosphorylation yosinthika ya creatine ndipo imasonkhanitsa makamaka (95%) mu minofu ndi minyewa yaminyewa.
Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuwonetsetsa kukhazikika kwa mphamvu zamagetsi posungabe gawo lofunikira la adenosine triphosphoric acid (ATP) pobwezeretsanso.
Sayansi yazachilengedwe ya creatine phosphate
Thupi, sekondi iliyonse pamakhala njira zambiri zamagetsi zamagetsi zomwe zimafunikira mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu: kaphatikizidwe kazinthu, mayendedwe amolekyulu azipangidwe zamagetsi ndi ma microelements kupita ku ziwalo zamaselo, magwiridwe antchito a kufinya kwa minofu. Mphamvu zofunikira zimapangidwa panthawi ya hydrolysis ya ATP, molekyulu iliyonse yomwe imapanganso nthawi zopitilira 2000 patsiku. Sizimadzikundikira m'matumba, komanso kuti magwiridwe antchito amkati ndi ziwalo zonse, kubwereza nthawi zonse kumafunikira.
Pazifukwa izi, cholengedwa cha phosphate chimapangidwa. Zimapangidwa nthawi zonse ndipo ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuchepetsa kwa ATP kuchokera ku ADP, yomwe imathandizidwa ndi enzyme yapadera - creatine phosphokinase. Mosiyana ndi adenosine triphosphoric acid, minofu nthawi zonse imakhala yokwanira.
Mwa munthu wathanzi, voliyumu ya creatine phosphate ili pafupifupi 1% ya thupi lathunthu.
Pogwiritsa ntchito creatine phosphatase, isoenzymes itatu ya creatine phosphokinase imakhudzidwa: mitundu ya MM, MB ndi BB, yomwe imasiyana m'malo mwake: awiri oyamba ali m'minyewa ya mafupa ndi mtima, yachitatu ili m'matumba aubongo.
Kukonzanso kwa ATP
Kusintha kwa ATP ndi creatine phosphate ndichachangu komanso chothandiza kwambiri pazamagawo atatu awa. Masekondi 2-3 a minofu yogwira ntchito yochuluka kwambiri ndi yokwanira, ndipo resynthesis yafika kale pantchito yake yayikulu. Pachifukwa ichi, mphamvu imapangidwa kawiri kuposa nthawi ya glycolysis, CTA ndi phosphorylation ya okosijeni.
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Izi ndichifukwa cha kutanthauzira kwa omwe akuchita nawo gawo pafupi ndi mitochondria ndikuwonjezeranso kwa chothandizira ndi zopangidwa ndi ATP cleavage. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezeka kwakuthwa kwa mphamvu ya minofu sikumapangitsa kuchepa kwa adenosine triphosphoric acid. Pochita izi, pali kudya kwambiri kwa creatine phosphate, pambuyo pa masekondi 5-10 liwiro lake limayamba kutsika kwambiri, ndipo masekondi 30 amachepetsa mpaka theka laling'ono. M'tsogolomu, njira zina zosinthira microenergy compounds zidzayamba ntchito.
Njira yokhazikika yopangira mankhwala a phosphate ndiyofunikira kwambiri kwa othamanga omwe amathandizidwa ndi kusintha kwa minofu (kuthamanga kwakanthawi kochepa, kunyamula zolemera, zolimbitsa thupi zosiyanasiyana zolemera, badminton, kuchinga ndi mitundu ina yamasewera).
Biochemistry yokhayokha imatha kupereka mphamvu zowonjezera zamagetsi mgawo loyambirira la ntchito zaminyewa, pomwe mphamvu yamphamvu yamphamvu imasintha kwambiri ndipo mphamvu yayikulu yamphamvu imafunikira munthawi yochepa. Maphunziro pamasewera ali pamwambapa akuyenera kuchitidwa moyenera ndikukhala ndi thupi lokwanira kokwanira ndi gwero la mphamvu zotere - creatine ndi "accumulator" wa macroenergetic bond - creatine phosphate.
Kupuma kapena kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mphamvu ya minofu, kumwa ATP kumachepa. Mlingo wa oxidative resynthesis umakhalabe wofanana ndipo "zotsalira" za adenosine triphosphoric acid zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kubwezeretsa nkhokwe za creatine phosphate.
Kuphatikizika kwa chilengedwe komanso cholengedwa cha phosphate
Ziwalo zazikulu zomwe zimapanga chilengedwe ndi impso ndi chiwindi. Njirayi imayamba mu impso ndikupanga guanidine acetate kuchokera ku arginine ndi glycine. Kenako, cholengedwa chimapangidwa m'chiwindi kuchokera mcherewu ndi methionine. Amanyamulidwa ndi magazi kupita kuubongo ndi minofu yaminyewa, pomwe imasandulika phosphate yopanga pansi pazoyenera (kusapezeka kapena kuchepa kwa minyewa yambiri komanso ma molekyulu a ATP).
Kufunika kwazachipatala
Thupi labwino, gawo la creatine phosphate (pafupifupi 3%) limasinthidwa kukhala creatinine chifukwa cha non-enzymatic dephosphorylation. Ndalamayi sinasinthe, ndipo imadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa minofu. Monga chinthu chosavomerezeka, chimatulutsidwa mwaulere mkodzo.
Pofuna kudziwa momwe impso zilili, kusanthula kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa creatinine kumalola. Kutsika pang'ono m'magazi kumatha kuwonetsa zovuta zaminyewa, ndipo kupitilira zomwe zimafotokozedwazo kumawonetsa matenda a impso.
Kusintha kwa mulingo wa creatine kinase m'magazi kumapangitsa kuti zizindikire zizindikilo za matenda angapo amtima (myocardial infarction, hypertension) komanso kupezeka kwamatenda muubongo.
Ndi ma atrophy kapena matenda amisala, cholengedwa chomwe chimapangidwa sichimayikidwa m'matumba ndipo chimatuluka mkodzo. Kuchuluka kwake kumatengera kukula kwa matendawa kapena kuchuluka kwa kutayika kwa minofu.
Kuledzera kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe kumatha kubweretsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu mu mkodzo chifukwa chosasunga malamulo amomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito zowonjezera zamasewera.
