Ndikofunikira kuti wothamanga azilingalira zinthu zambiri popanga dongosolo loyenera lazakudya. Koma kukhuta ndikumodzi mwamavuto akulu mu dietetics. Ngakhale mutayesetsa bwanji kuchepetsa mafuta anu pogwiritsa ntchito ma yogurt ndi ndiwo zamasamba, posakhalitsa, njala imakhudza aliyense. Ndipo cholakwacho ndi kuchuluka kwa chimbudzi cha zakudya, zomwe zimadalira gawo lina monga index ya glycemic.
Ndi chiyani icho?
Kodi glycemic index ndi chiyani? Pali matanthauzo awiri akulu. Imodzi ndi yofunika kwa anthu, yomwe imatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (odwala matenda ashuga), yachiwiri ndiyabwino kwa othamanga. Samatsutsana, amangogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro osiyanasiyana.
Mwalamulo, mndandandanda wa glycemic ndiye kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa shuga wamagazi mpaka kulemera kwathunthu kwa mankhwala. Zikutanthauza chiyani? Kuti ndi kuwonongeka kwa mankhwalawa, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumasintha, munthawi yochepa, ndiye kuti iwonjezera. Kuchuluka kwa shuga kudzawonjezeka kumadalira pa index yomwe. Mbali ina ya glycemic index ndiyofunikira kwa othamanga - kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe azakudya mthupi.
Ndondomeko ya Glycemic ndi matenda a shuga
Tisanalingalire mwatsatanetsatane za glycemic index pazakudya, tiyeni tiwone mbiri ya nkhaniyi. Kwenikweni, chinali chifukwa cha matenda a shuga kuti mndandandandawu ndi zakudya zomwe zili ndi index ya glycemic zimadziwika. Mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, amakhulupirira kuti zakudya zonse zama carbohydrate zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwa ashuga. Anayesa kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zopatsa thanzi kwa odwala matenda ashuga, koma adazindikira kuti mafuta, akasinthidwa kukhala chakudya, amachititsa kudumpha kwakukulu pamashuga. Madokotala amapanga zakudya zovuta kutengera kasinthasintha wama carbohydrate omwe amathandizira kuwongolera shuga. Komabe, mapulani akudyawa anali osagwira ntchito kwenikweni ndipo adapereka zotsatira zake. Nthawi zina zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe zimafunidwa.
Kenako madotolo adaganiza zakuwunika momwe mitundu yazakudya zam'magazi zimakhudzira magawo amwazi m'magazi. Ndipo zidapezeka kuti ngakhale chakudya chosavuta chimakhala ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana pakukwera kwa shuga. Zinali zokhudzana ndi "zopatsa mphamvu za mkate" komanso kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kwa malonda ake.
Kuthamanga komwe thupi limatha kuthyola chakudyacho, kudumpha mu shuga kumawonedwa. Kutengera izi, kwazaka zopitilira 15, asayansi adalemba mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zapatsidwa magawo osiyanasiyana pamlingo woyamwa. Ndipo popeza manambalawo anali amunthu aliyense, tanthauzo lenilenilo lidakhala lachibale. Glucose (GI -100) idasankhidwa ngati muyezo. Ndipo mokhudzana ndi izi, kuchuluka kwa kuphatikiza zakudya komanso kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi kumaganiziridwa. Masiku ano, chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo uku, ambiri ashuga amtundu wa Type 1 ndi Type 2 amatha kukulitsa zakudya zawo pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zomwe zili ndi index ya glycemic index.
Chidziwitso: Mndandanda wa glycemic uli ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, osati kokha chifukwa nthawi ya chimbudzi ndi yosiyana ndi anthu onse, komanso chifukwa chakuti kusiyana pakati pa kulumpha shuga / insulini mwa munthu wathanzi komanso munthu wodwala matenda a shuga ndikosiyana kwambiri. Koma nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa nthawi ndi shuga kumakhalabe kofanana.
Tsopano tiyeni tiwone momwe zakudya zokhala ndi glycemic index zimakhudzira njira zamagetsi mthupi.
- Chogulitsa chilichonse (mosasamala mulingo wa GI) chimalowa m'mimba. Pambuyo pake, mothandizidwa ndi michere yam'mimba, chakudya chilichonse chimagawika kukhala shuga.
- Shuga amalowa m'magazi, potero amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi... Shuga m'magazi amatsogolera kukulitsa kwa magazi komanso zovuta za mayendedwe a mpweya kudzera m'mitsempha ndi mitsempha. Pofuna kupewa izi, kapamba amayamba kutulutsa insulin.
- Insulini ndi timadzi tonyamula. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikutsegula ma cell mthupi. "Akathira" m'maselo, magazi otsekemera amadzaza maselo omwe adatsekedwa kuti azidya bwino. Mwachitsanzo, ulusi wa minofu, glycogen ndi malo okonzera mafuta. Shuga, chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake, amakhalabe mchipinda ndipo amakhala ndi oxidized ndikutulutsa mphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, kutengera malo, mphamvuyo imapukusidwa ndikupanga zomwe zimafunikira thupi.
Chifukwa chake, kukwezetsa kwa glycemic index kwa mankhwala, magazi "amatsekemera" amakhala nthawi yayifupi. Izi zimakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa kutsekemera kwa insulin. Zochitika zina zitatu ndizotheka:
- Thupi limalimbana ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga, insulin imatumiza mphamvu kudzera m'maselo. Kupitilira apo, chifukwa chakuthwa kwamphamvu, kuchuluka kwa insulini kumabweretsa kusowa kwa kukhuta. Zotsatira zake, munthuyo amakhalanso ndi njala.
- Thupi limalimbana ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga, koma kuchuluka kwa insulini sikukwanira mayendedwe athunthu. Chotsatira chake, munthu amakhala ndi thanzi lofooka, "shuga"
- Magulu a insulin sikokwanira kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga. Zotsatira zake, mumakhala osadwala - matenda ashuga ndiwotheka.
Kwa zakudya zomwe zili ndi index ya glycemic index, zinthu ndizosavuta. Shuga amalowa m'magazi osati spasmodically, koma wogawana komanso pang'ono. Pachifukwa ichi, kapamba imagwira ntchito mwachizolowezi, imatulutsa insulin mpaka itasungunuka kwathunthu.
Zotsatira zake, kuwonjezeka kwachangu (maselo amakhalabe otseguka nthawi zonse), kumverera kwanthawi yayitali kokhuta, komanso kutsika kwa glycemic pamankhwala. Komanso kufalikira kwa njira za anabolic pamatenda - thupi limakhala lokhathamira kwambiri, chifukwa chake silikuwona kuwononga kwa ma cell (ulalo wamatenda).
Zakudya zamagetsi (tebulo)
Kuti mupange dongosolo lokwanira lazakudya lomwe lingakuthandizeni kuti mukhale ndi minofu yambiri osamva njala komanso nthawi yomweyo osasambira mafuta owonjezera, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito tebulo la glycemic index la zakudya:
Mankhwala | Ndondomeko ya Glycemic | Mapuloteni mankhwala | Ndondomeko ya Glycemic | Chopangira mafuta | Ndondomeko ya Glycemic | Okonzeka mbale | Ndondomeko ya Glycemic |
Shuga | 100 | Nkhuku ya nkhuku | 10 | Mafuta | 12 | Mbatata yokazinga | 71 |
Shuga | 98 | Thumba lanyama | 12 | Mafuta a mpendadzuwa | 0 | Chofufumitsa | 85-100 |
Fructose | 36 | Zogulitsa za soya | 48 | Mafuta a azitona | 0 | Jellied | 26 |
Maltodextrin | 145 | Carp | 7 | Mafuta otsekedwa | 0 | Odzola | 26 |
Manyuchi | 135 | Nsomba | 10 | Nyama yamafuta | 15-25 | Saladi ya Olivier | 25-35 |
Madeti | 55 | Mbali ya nkhumba | 12 | Zakudya zokazinga | 65 | Zakumwa zoledzeretsa | 85-95 |
Zipatso | 30-70 | Mazira oyera | 6 | Omega 3 mafuta | 0 | Masaladi a zipatso | 70 |
Zakudya za oat | 48 | Dzira | 17 | Omega 6 mafuta | 0 | Masaladi a masamba | 3 |
Mpunga | 56 | Dzira la tsekwe | 23 | Omega 9 mafuta | 0 | Nyama yokazinga | 12 |
Mpunga wabulauni | 38 | Mkaka | 72 | Mafuta a kanjedza | 68 | Mbatata yophika | 3 |
Mpunga wozungulira | 70 | Kefir | 45 | Mafuta a Trans | 49 | Cottage tchizi casserole | 59 |
Mkate woyera | 85 | Yogurt | 45 | Mafuta okhwima | 65 | Zikondamoyo | 82 |
Tirigu | 74 | Bowa | 32 | Chiponde | 18 | Zikondamoyo | 67 |
Mbewu ya Buckwheat | 42 | Tchizi cha koteji | 64 | Chiponde | 20 | Kupanikizana | 78 |
Tirigu groats | 87 | Seramu | 32 | Batala | 45 | Masamba atakulungidwa | 1,2 |
Ufa | 92 | Nkhukundembo | 18 | Kufalitsa | 35 | Shashlik ya nkhumba | 27 |
Wowuma | 45 | Miyendo ya nkhuku | 20 | margarine | 32 | Pilaf | 45 |
Zakudya zokhala ndi glycemic index zitha kukonzedwa ndi zosakaniza zomwe zili ndi index ya glycemic. Kuphatikiza apo, kutentha kwa mafuta ndi chakudya kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi, zomwe zimawonjezera index.
Kodi ndizotheka kudziwa index ya glycemic yopanda matebulo?
Tsoka ilo, tebulo lokhala ndi zopangira ndi mayunitsi awo a mkate sakhala pafupi nthawi zonse. Funso lidakalipo - kodi ndizotheka kudziyimira pawokha kuchuluka kwa glycemic index ya mbale inayake. Tsoka ilo, izi sizingachitike. Panthawi ina, asayansi komanso akatswiri azachipatala adagwira ntchito pafupifupi zaka 15 kuti alembe tebulo la glycemic index la zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Dongosolo lakale limakhudza kuyesa magazi kawiri nthawi mutatenga kuchuluka kwa chakudya kuchokera pachinthu china. Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti muyenera kukhala ndi tebulo la glycemic index la chakudya nanu. Mutha kuwerengera zovuta.
Choyamba, ndikofunikira kudziwa kupezeka kwa shuga muntchito. Ngati mankhwalawa ali ndi shuga woposa 30%, ndiye kuti glycemic index izikhala osachepera 30. Ngati pali zopatsa mphamvu zina kupatula shuga, ndibwino kutanthauzira GI ngati shuga weniweni. Ngati mankhwala otsekemera amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti fructose (mtundu wokhawo wa shuga) kapena chakudya chophweka kwambiri chimatengedwa ngati maziko.
Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa GI ndi izi:
- Kuvuta kwa chakudya chomwe chimaphatikizidwa ndi malonda. Ma carbohydrate ovuta kwambiri, m'munsi mwa GI. Chiyanjano sichimakhala cholondola nthawi zonse, koma chimakupatsani mwayi wodziwa zakudya zomwe zili ndi GI yayikulu ndikupewa kuzidya.
- Kukhalapo kwa mkaka mu kapangidwe kake. Mkaka uli ndi "shuga mkaka", womwe umakulitsa GI wazogulitsa zilizonse ndi 15-20%.
GI wachibale amatha kutsimikizika poyesa. Kuti muchite izi, ndikwanira kudziwa kuti zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti mumve njala pambuyo pa chakudya chomaliza. Njala ikayamba kuchepa, insulin yocheperako imatulutsidwa, motero kuchepa kwa GI kwa chakudya chophatikizika. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukumva njala yayikulu mkati mwa mphindi 30 mpaka 40 mutadya, ndiye kuti GI wachibale wazogulitsidwayo omwe ali mgulu lodyedwa ndiwokwera kwambiri.
Chidziwitso: Izi ndizakudya kuchuluka kwa ma calorie omwewo ndikuphimba kuchepa konse. Monga mukudziwira, thupi la munthu limakhala lomasuka ngati kalori wambiri wazakudya ali pakati pa 600-800 kcal.
Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti njira iyi yodziwitsa za glycemic index mu zakudya ndizofunikira kwa othamanga omwe sali pagawo louma. Anthu omwe akudwala matenda ashuga kapena ali pauma wolimba wamahydrohydrate, ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito magomewo kuti musawonetse thupi lanu pachiwopsezo chosafunikira.
Zotsatira
Ndiye kodi ochita masewera othamanga amatenga gawo lotani? Imeneyi ndi njira yofulumizitsa kagayidwe kake, kudya kwambiri, koma nthawi zonse pamakhala chiopsezo chodzaza kapamba.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zokhala ndi glycemic index kumakhala koyenera kokha kwa ma ectomorphs panthawi yazonenepa. Nthawi zina, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatha kusokoneza thanzi, komanso magwiridwe antchito.
Pazakudya zomwe zili ndi index yotsika ya glycemic, chimbudzi chawo chimanyamula gawo lalikulu la glycemic, m'malo mwake chimadyetsa thupi michere yambiri.