Zowonongeka m'maso nthawi zambiri zimasokoneza kukhulupirika kwa mafupa, minofu yofewa, ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kudziwa bwino malo owonongera komanso mtundu wovulalawo. Chifukwa chake, ndi ophthalmologist yekhayo amene angakhazikitse matenda olondola. Izi zitha kufunikira maphunziro osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana ndi kutengapo gawo kwa akatswiri ena opapatiza - otolaryngologist kapena neurosurgeon. Ngakhale zizindikiro zazing'ono zotsalira komanso zovuta pambuyo pa microtrauma ziyenera kukhala chifukwa chochezera ofesi ya ophthalmologist kuti tipewe zovuta zazikulu kapena matenda aakulu.
Zoyambitsa ndi zizindikiro za kuvulala kosiyanasiyana
Diso, kupatula chikope chochepa thupi, lilibe chitetezo chilichonse pakumenyedwa molunjika ndi zina zomwe zingakhudze kunja - kulowa kwa matupi akunja, zakumwa zowononga komanso zotentha. Nthawi zina, pamakhala kuphwanya magwiridwe ake abwinobwino kuvulala kwambiri ikagwa kapena kuchoka pamutu. Zovulala zambiri (90%) zimakhudzana ndi ma microtraumas - matupi ang'onoang'ono akunja amalowa m'maso. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi nyengo yamphepo ndi mphepo yolimba yafumbi. Mpweya wa utuchi, zometa ndi zinthu zina zopangidwa ndi zida zamagetsi kapena zida zamagetsi ndizomwe zimayambitsa zovulazi.
Kuvulala kwambiri kumachitika pangozi zapamgalimoto, nkhanza, zochitika mumsewu, masewera othamangitsana komanso olumikizana. Kuvulala kwama mafakitale nthawi zambiri kumalumikizidwa ndi magwiridwe antchito popanda magalasi oteteza.
Zizindikiro zazikulu zimafotokozedwa ndikumva kuwawa kwanuko, kuwotcha, kudzikweza, kutupa kwa zikope ndi minofu yoyandikana nayo, kukha magazi kwanuko, kufiira kwa diso. Nthawi zina masomphenya amatha kuwonongeka, photophobia ndi mutu umatha kuchitika. Ndi kuwonongeka pang'ono, ululuwo ndi wopanda pake ndipo masomphenya sawoneka ochepa. Pakhoza kukhala kukha mwazi pang'ono ndikukula kwa ma vascular network pachikopa chakunja cha diso ndi kumbuyo kwa zikope. Mphamvu ndi mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe azizindikiro zimadalira mtundu ndi kuopsa kwa kuvulala komwe kudalandiridwa.
Kupwetekedwa kosadziwika kumadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa magazi m'magulu osiyanasiyana a diso: chikope, iris, retina, thupi la vitreous. Zikakhala zovuta, izi zitha kutsagana ndi kukhumudwa komanso kuvulala koopsa muubongo. Kuwonjezeka kwamphamvu kwa mwana komanso kusayankha poyang'ana kumawonetsa kufooka kwa minofu ya mwana kapena kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya oculomotor.
Kuvulala kovuta kwambiri komanso koopsa kumachitika kukhulupirika kwa diso ndi ziphuphu zozungulira. Zikatero, ululu umakhala wovuta komanso wosapiririka. Kutupa kwakukulu ndikutuluka magazi pachilondacho kumachitika. Masomphenya ndi ovuta kwambiri. Mutu nthawi zambiri umatsagana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa thupi. Mawonedwe, pakhoza kukhala mitambo yamagalasi komanso kupezeka kwa magazi mchipinda chakumaso cha diso.
Nthawi zambiri milandu yotere imafuna kuchitidwa opaleshoni mwachangu. Zilonda zolowera ndizowopsa ndikubwera pambuyo pake ndipo zimatha kuyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana.
Ngakhale mawonekedwe osiyana (matenthedwe, mankhwala, radiation), kuwotcha kwamaso kuli ndi zizindikiro zomwezi. Pazovuta pang'ono, uku ndikutupa pang'ono komanso kufiira pakhungu ndi diso. Pazironda zazikulu, zizindikilo zowoneka bwino zoyipa zimawonekera - kuyambira thovu laling'ono pachikope mpaka kuwonekera kwamaso ndi mawonekedwe amalo akufa m'malo osiyanasiyana amaso.
Zovulala zokhudzana ndi chikope
Izi zoteteza m'maso nthawi zambiri zimawonongeka ndi chithandizo choyamba choyenera - kuyesera kuchotsa thupi lachilendo kumabweretsa zokopa ndi mkwiyo wamkati wamkati. Kuchokera kumenyedwa kwamphamvu, kutupa kwakukulu ndi mabala amapangidwa. Zikakhala zovuta kwambiri, chikope chimatha kuvulala mosiyanasiyana - kuyambira zazing'ono kwambiri mpaka zolowa kwambiri.
Kuvulala kwamaso pamasewera
Masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zambiri amawonjezera ngozi zovulaza ziwalo zowonekera.
© POJCHEE - stock.adobe.com
Choyambirira, izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamasewera ndi mitundu yolumikizirana: hockey, mpira, tenisi, basketball, sambo, nkhonya, karate ndi masewera ena omenyera. Mukumenyana kwachiwawa, nkhonya, chigongono kapena kugunda kwamaondo nthawi zambiri zimapweteka kwambiri zomwe sizingapewe ngakhale ndi zida zoteteza. Zida zosiyanasiyana (zibonga, zikwama, mileme) m'malo ovuta kusewera nthawi zambiri amakhala "chida" chovulaza thanzi.
Zida zolemera komanso zothamanga kwambiri, monga puck kapena baseball, nazonso nthawi zambiri zimakhudza diso. Pogunda bwino, ngakhale badminton shuttlecock (13 g) imawuluka kuposa 200 km / h ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira kuvulaza kwambiri.
Pafupifupi masewera onse, pali kugwa ndi kumenyedwa pamutu, zomwe zimasokoneza mawonekedwe azida zowoneka.
Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa kuvulala kwamaso pamasewera ndi 30% ya chiwerengerocho, zimayambitsa chiwopsezo chotsatira. Pofuna kuteteza thanzi la othamanga, azachipatala nthawi zonse amayang'ana njira zatsopano zothandizira ndi kukonzanso. Pophunzitsa, njira zimayesedwera kuzipewa. Makampaniwa akuyang'ana njira zowonjezeretsa chitetezo cha zida.
Zomwe saloledwa kuchita pakavulala diso
Ndikosavuta kuwononga diso ndi minofu yoyandikana nayo, mwachibadwa kuyesera kuthetsa kusapeza bwino. Pachifukwa ichi, simungathe kupukuta zikope zanu kapena kuyamba kuchotsa thupi lachilendo ndi chopukutira kapena mpango. Palibe chifukwa chomwe mankhwala amchere kapena acidic angagwiritsidwe ntchito kutsuka ngati chinthu chomwe chalowa m'diso sichidziwika.
Thandizo loyamba munthawi zosiyanasiyana
Kukhazikika kwa nthawi ndi kulondola kwa chithandizo choyamba cha kuvulala kwamaso makamaka kumatsimikizira kupambana kwa chithandizo chotsatira komanso kukwaniritsidwa kwathunthu kwa ntchito zake. Lamulo lalikulu ndikuteteza kuwonongeka kambiri komanso matenda.
Pankhani yoyaka mankhwala, m'pofunika kutsuka diso ndi njira yocheperako yamchere kapena potaziyamu permanganate, chifukwa cha kutentha kwamadzi - ndi madzi oyera.
Mukakumana ndi zovulaza, perekani kuzizira kuti muchepetse ululu ndi kutupa. Mutha kuyesa kutsuka zinyalala zazing'ono ndi mtsinje wamadzi oyera. Pakuwonongeka kulikonse, bandeji ya gauze imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo mayeso a dokotala amafunika kuti adziwe matenda olondola ndikupatseni chithandizo.
Ngati pali kuphwanya kukhulupirika kwa diso, ndikofunikira kungoyimitsa kapena kuchepetsa magazi. Thandizo lina loyamba limaperekedwa kuchipatala, ndipo wovutikayo ayenera kupita naye kuchipatala mwachangu momwe angathere.
Kuzindikira
Pakuyesa koyamba kuchipinda chadzidzidzi, kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kumatsimikizika, ndipo amayesedwa mwachangu kuti athetse vutoli. Ngati mukukayikira kuwonongeka kwamkati, fluoroscopy ndikuwonjezera fundoscopy (kuyesa fundus) kumachitika. Kenako funso loti alandire kuchipatala kapena kutumizidwa kwa katswiri wopapatiza lalingaliridwa. Kuphatikiza pa ophthalmologist, uyu atha kukhala katswiri wa ma neurosurgeon, otolaryngologist, kapena katswiri wa ma maxillofacial opaleshoni. Ngati ndi kotheka, maphunziro owonjezera amaperekedwa: ultrasound echolocation, ophthalmoscopy, kuyesa ndi fluorescein ndi njira zina.
© Tyler Olson - stock.adobe.com. Kufufuza kwa fundus.
Maziko a chithandizo
Kuchira bwino kuvulala kumadalira kuzindikira koyenera ndi chithandizo chamankhwala, chomwe chitha kuchitidwa ndi akatswiri azaumoyo okha. Kuthetsa zizindikiro za kuvulala pang'ono kumatheka kunyumba pothandizidwa ndi dokotala.
Chithandizo cha mikwingwirima ndi zotsatira zakutenga zinthu zakunja nthawi zambiri zimachitika pakadwala. Pachifukwa ichi, mafuta odzola a antibacterial ndi madontho amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuti muchepetse ululu, analgesics amapatsidwa.
© Photographee.eu - stock.adobe.com
Pakakhala chisokonezo, mankhwala opangira mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo ma coagulants amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupewa magazi. Limbikitsani njira zamankhwala ndi kubwezeretsa njira za physiotherapy.
Ndi mabala otseguka pamavuto ovuta, kuchipatala ndikuchitidwa opaleshoni amafunika.
Kutalika kwa chithandizo ndi kuchira kumasiyanasiyana sabata limodzi mpaka miyezi ingapo.
Madontho pakavulala
Thanzi la diso liyenera kutengedwa mosamala komanso mozama ndipo liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha mukafunsidwa ndi dokotala. Mndandanda uli m'munsiwu umangopangidwira kuti muzolowere mankhwalawa:
- Vitasik madontho - amakhala ndi phindu pamakhungu am'mimba, amakhala ndi bakiteriya komanso machiritso.
- Balarpan-N ndi mankhwala achilengedwe obwezeretsa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwotcha komanso kuchiza pambuyo pochita opaleshoni, amathandizira kusisitsa maso.
- Kartalin ndi Oftan-katakhrom - ali ndi mphamvu pa mandala.
- Dephyslosis - imathandizira kupangika kwa misozi ndikufulumizitsa njira yokonzanso ya diso.
- Solcoseryl ndi Korneregel akuchiritsa ndi kusinthanso ma gels.
