Coenzymes: ndi chiyani, maubwino, kugwiritsa ntchito pamasewera

Ma Coenzymes ndiopanda mapuloteni omwe amapezeka kuti michere yambiri imagwira ntchito. Ambiri mwa iwo amachokera ku mavitamini.

Chifukwa cha kagayidwe kachakudya matenda ndi kuchepa kwa kaphatikizidwe wa zinthu zothandiza m'thupi nthawi zambiri kuchepa ntchito ya mitundu ina ya michere. Chifukwa chake, ma coenzymes ndiofunika kwambiri kwa ife.

Mwachidule, coenzyme ndi coenzyme Q10, yomwe imachokera ku folic acid ndi mavitamini ena angapo. Chofunikira kwambiri pamthupi la munthu ndi ma coenzymes omwe amapangidwa ndi mavitamini a B.

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Coenzyme imafunika kuwonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi, zomwe zimafunikira kuti moyo ukhalebe. Njira iliyonse yomwe imachitika m'thupi la munthu imafunikira mphamvu yayikulu, kaya ndi zochitika zamaganizidwe, ntchito yamitsempha yam'mimba kapena yam'mimba, kulimbitsa thupi ndikunyamula minofu ya mafupa. Chifukwa cha momwe ma coenzymes amalowera ndi michere, mphamvu zofunikira zimapangidwa.

Ntchito za coenzymes

Coenzymes ndi mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni omwe amathandizira kuyambitsa mphamvu ya enzyme. Amagwira ntchito zazikulu ziwiri:

1. Nawo njira catalytic. Coenzyme yokha siyimayambitsa kusintha kwa maselo mthupi; imalowa m'magulu a michere pamodzi ndi apoenzyme, ndipo pokhapokha akagwirizana, njira zothandizira kumangiriza gawo lapansi zimachitika.
2. Ntchito yoyendera. Coenzyme imaphatikizana ndi gawo lapansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yolimba yoyendera yomwe mamolekyulu amayenda momasuka kupita pakati pa enzyme ina.

Ma coenzymes onse ali ndi chinthu chimodzi chofunikira mofananamo - ndi mankhwala osasunthika, koma machitidwe awo ndiosiyana.

Gulu la coenzymes

Malinga ndi njira yolumikizirana ndi apoenzyme, coenzymes imagawidwa mu:

• Kusungunuka - pakuyankha, imaphatikizana ndi ma molekyulu a enzyme, pambuyo pake amasintha ndikupanga mankhwala ndikutulutsidwanso.
• Prosthetic - yolumikizidwa mwamphamvu ndi apoenzyme, panthawi yomwe imachitika ili pakatikati pa enzyme. Kusintha kwawo kumachitika mukamayanjana ndi coenzyme ina kapena gawo lapansi.

Malinga ndi kapangidwe kawo ka mankhwala, ma coenzymes amagawika m'magulu atatu:

• aliphatic (glutathione, lipoic acid, ndi zina zambiri)
• heterocyclic (pyridoxal phosphate, tetrahydrofolic acid, nucleoside phosphates ndi zotengera zake (CoA, FMN, FAD, NAD, etc.), metalloporphyrin hemes, ndi zina zambiri.
• zonunkhira (ubiquinones).

Pogwira ntchito, pali magulu awiri a coenzymes:

• redox,
• coenzymes ya gulu.

Coenzymes mu masewera amadzimadzi

Pogwira ntchito zolimbitsa thupi, mphamvu yambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito, kupezeka kwake mthupi kumatha, ndipo mavitamini ndi michere yambiri imadyedwa mwachangu kwambiri kuposa momwe amapangira. Ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi amakhala ndi kufooka kwakuthupi, kutopa kwamanjenje, komanso kusowa mphamvu. Pofuna kupeŵa zizindikiro zambiri, kukonzekera kwapadera ndi coenzymes mu kapangidwe kapangidwa. Ntchito zawo ndizambiri, amapatsidwa osati kwa othamanga okha, komanso kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda akulu.

Cocarboxylase

Coenzyme, yomwe imapangidwa kokha kuchokera ku thiamine yomwe imalowa mthupi. Ochita masewera othamanga, imagwira ntchito ngati njira yolepheretsa kugwedezeka kwam'mimba ndi zovuta zamanjenje. The mankhwala Kwalamulidwa kuti radiculitis, neuritis, ndi pachimake chiwindi kulephera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mitsempha, mlingo umodzi sayenera kukhala wosachepera 100 mg.

Cobamamide

Amalowetsa magwiridwe antchito a vitamini B12, ndi anabolic. Amathandiza othamanga kumanga minofu, kuwonjezera kupirira, amalimbikitsa kuchira msanga pambuyo zolimbitsa thupi Ipezeka ngati mapiritsi ndi mayankho am'mitsempha yamtundu uliwonse, kuchuluka kwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi mapiritsi atatu kapena 1000 mcg. Kutalika kwamaphunziro sikoposa masiku 20.

Oxycobalamin

Zochita zake ndizofanana ndi vitamini B12, koma imakhala m'magazi nthawi yayitali ndipo imasinthidwa mwachangu kukhala njira ya coenzyme chifukwa cholumikizana mwamphamvu ndi mapuloteni am'magazi.

Pyridoxal mankwala

Yokonza ali ndi katundu vitamini B6. Zimasiyana ndi izi mwachangu, zimaperekedwa kuti zilandiridwe ngakhale pyridoxine phosphorylation ili ndi vuto. Zimatengedwa katatu patsiku, mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku sungapitirire 0,06 g, ndipo maphunzirowo saliposa mwezi umodzi.

Pyriditol

Zimayambitsa njira zamagetsi zam'mimba zam'mimba, zimakulitsa kupezeka kwa shuga, zimalepheretsa kupangika kwa lactic acid, kumawonjezera chitetezo chamatenda, kuphatikiza kukana hypoxia, yomwe imachitika panthawi yamaphunziro othamanga. Mankhwalawa amatengedwa katatu patsiku, 0.1 g. mutadya kadzutsa kwa mwezi umodzi

Pantogam

Ndi homologue asidi pantothenic, Iyamba Kuthamanga njira kagayidwe kachakudya, amachepetsa mawonetseredwe ululu zimachitikira, kumawonjezera kulimbikira kwa maselo kwa hypoxia. Kuchita kwa mankhwalawa ndikuthandizira kuyambitsa ntchito yaubongo, kukulitsa kupirira, ndikuwonetsedwa kuti ingagwiritsidwe ntchito povulala kwamaubongo amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mapiritsi amatengedwa mkati mwa mwezi, 0,5 g, osaposa katatu patsiku.

Zamatsenga

Amapangidwa ngati mawonekedwe a jakisoni mankhwala, omwe cholinga chake chimapangitsa kuti mafuta azigwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, kupangitsanso kusinthika kwamaselo. Ili ndi zotsatira za anabolic, antihypoxic ndi antithyroid. Ndi cholowa m'malo mwa vitamini B6. Kugwiritsa ngati kukapanda kuleka mtsempha.

Sungani

Amapangidwa mthupi kuchokera ku riboflavin ndipo amatenga nawo gawo pazakudya zamadzimadzi, lipid ndi amino acid metabolism. Amapangidwa ngati yankho la jakisoni wamisempha, popeza kuyamwa kwake m'mimba sikuthandiza kuphwanya mayamwidwe a riboflavin.

Lipoic asidi

Yoyimira kagayidwe kabakiteriya. Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa makutidwe azakudya ndi mafuta acid, omwe amathandizira kuwonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi.

Onerani kanemayo: Cofactors, Lock-and-Key and Induced Fit Model (Mulole 2025).