Masewera osiyanasiyana ndi otchuka kwambiri masiku ano. Makamaka amaperekedwa kumitundu yambiri, theka la marathons ndi marathons.
Anthu ochulukirachulukira amatenga nawo mbali chaka chilichonse, ndipo okonzekera amayesetsa kuti mipikisano yotereyi ikhale yosangalatsa komanso yolinganizidwa bwino. Kuti mutenge nawo mbali pamipikisano yotere, omwe amatchedwa opanga masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zambiri amatenga nawo mbali. Werengani za anthu awa, ntchito zawo ndi chiyani komanso momwe angakhalire olimbikitsa pachuma.
Kodi pacemaker ndi ndani?
"Pacemaker" kuchokera ku mawu achingerezi akuti pacemaker amamasuliridwa kuti "pacemaker". Kupanda kutero, titha kunena kuti uyu ndiothamanga yemwe amatsogolera ndikuyika mayendedwe onse pamtunda wautali komanso wautali poyendetsa. Monga lamulo, awa ndi mtunda wa mamita 800 kapena kuposa.
Opanga ma pacem, monga lamulo, amathamanga limodzi ndi ena onse pagawo lina lakutali. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mtunda uli mamita mazana asanu ndi atatu, ndiye, kawirikawiri, pacemaker imayenda kuchokera mazana anayi mpaka mazana asanu ndi limodzi mita, kenako nkusiya chopondera.
Nthawi zambiri, wothamanga wotere amakhala katswiri wothamanga. Nthawi yomweyo amakhala mtsogoleri panthawi ya mpikisano, ndipo mayendedwe amatha kukhazikitsidwa kwa aliyense wampikisano, yemwe akufuna kuti abweretse zotsatira zina, komanso pagulu lonse.
Ochita nawo mpikisanowu akuti wopanga pacem amapereka, m'malo mwake, thandizo la m'maganizo: amamuthamangira, podziwa kuti akutsatira liwiro linalake. Kuphatikiza apo, mwanjira ina, mpweya umatsika pang'ono.
Mbiri
Malinga ndi zomwe sizinachitike, othamanga otsogola otere pamipikisano yakhalapo kuyambira pomwe akatswiri amapikisana nawo.
Chifukwa chake, othamanga nthawi zambiri amalowa mumgwirizano ndi anzawo mgulu lawo kuti adzawatsogolera kuzotsatira zina.
Mwachindunji, ntchito yopanga pacemaker idawonekera m'zaka za zana la 20, m'ma 80s. Pambuyo pake, adatchuka, ndipo ntchito za anthu oterewa zidayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse.
Mwachitsanzo, wothamanga wotchuka ku Russia Olga Komyagina wakhala akuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuyambira 2000. Kuphatikiza apo, alinso membala wa timu yadziko la Russia pamipikisano yapakati komanso yayitali.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito "atsogoleri opanga" oterewa polimbana ndi mtunda kumayambitsa zokambirana pakati pa mafani ndi akatswiri ochita masewera. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amatsutsa othamanga omwe amapeza zotsatira zabwino pamsewu waukulu, bola ngati atagwiritsa ntchito thandizo kuchokera kwa opanga ma pacem - oimira kugonana kwamphamvu pamipikisano yolumikizana ya abambo ndi amai.
Machenjerero
Omwe amapanga masewera olimbitsa thupi amayamba kuthamanga ndi mtunda wautali pamtunda wina, kuyika mayendedwe onse ndikutsogolera wothamanga aliyense kapena gulu lonse ku cholinga china. Nthawi yomweyo amapita kumapeto.
Malamulo a International Organisation of Athletics akuti ndikuletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito thandizo laopanga zida zankhondo ngati inu nokha muli 1 kapena kupitiliranso m'mbuyo pakuthana ndi mtunda.
Palinso lamulo malinga ndi momwe pacemaker imagwirira ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa kuposa theka lake. Ichi ndi chofunikira, popeza mtunda wampikisano womwewo suyenera kukhala wovuta kwa pacemaker mwiniwake. Wopanga pacem akuyenera kuyendetsa mtunda uwu molimba mtima momwe angathere.
Kodi opanga masewera olimbitsa thupi amapambana liti?
Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri. Komabe, panali zochitika zina pamene opanga masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe sanachoke pa mpikisano adakhala opambana pamipikisano, ngakhale opambana.
- Mwachitsanzo, Paul Pilkington wopanga pacem anali woyamba kumaliza mu 1994 Los Angeles Marathon. Anatha kuyendetsa mpaka kumapeto komwe okondedwa a marathon sanathe kulimbana nawo.
- Pa Masewera a Bislett a 1981, Tom Byers wopanga pacem nayenso adayenda mtunda wamakilomita 1.5 mwachangu kuposa wina aliyense. Kusiyana pakati pa omwe adachita nawo mpikisano poyamba kunali masekondi khumi. Komabe, ngakhale atagwiritsa ntchito mathamangitsidwe, sakanatha kupeza pacemaker. Chifukwa chake, yemwe adamaliza mpikisano wachiwiri, adataya theka lachiwiri kwa iye.
Poterepa, titha kunena kuti opanga ma pacem, omwe amafunsidwa kuti apange mayendedwe othamanga, sanathane ndiudindo wawo.
Kutenga nawo gawo kwa opanga masewera olimbitsa thupi pamipikisano yambiri
Okonza mpikisano wampikisano, ma marathons theka ndi ma marathons, momwe othamanga ambiri amitundumitundu, olimba mtima komanso akatswiri, amatenga nawo mbali, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zokometsera pacem.
Kawirikawiri ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, odziwa bwino masewerawa amasewera. Ntchito yawo ndikuyendetsa mtunda wonse pamtunda womwewo, kuti akafike kumapeto nthawi inayake. Mwachitsanzo, pa mpikisano wothamanga, awa ndi maola atatu ndendende, theka ndi theka, kapena maola anayi ndendende.
Chifukwa chake, osachita nawo mpikisano wodziwa zambiri amatsogoleredwa ndi mayendedwe aopanga pachuma ndipo kuthamanga kwawo kumatha kulumikizidwa ndi zomwe amayembekezera.
Nthawi zambiri opanga masewerawa amavala mayunifolomu apadera kuti adziwe. Mwachitsanzo, amavala zovala zamitundu yowala, kapena zovala zokhala ndi zikwangwani zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala osiyana ndi othamanga ena onse. Mwina atha kuthamanga ndi mbendera, kapena ndi zibaluni, pomwe zotsatira za nthawiyo kuti athetse mtunda womwe akuyesetsa kulembedwa.
Momwe mungakhalire pacemaker?
Tsoka ilo, palibe anthu ambiri omwe akufuna kukhala opanga masewera olimbitsa thupi. Iyi ndi bizinesi yofunika. Kuti mukhale wopanga pacemaker, muyenera kulumikizana ndi omwe akukonzekera mpikisano: mwa makalata, pafoni, kapena kubwera nokha. Ndibwino kuti muchite izi miyezi ingapo asanayambe, miyezi isanu ndi umodzi isanakwane.
Malinga ndi mayankho ochokera kwa opanga ma pacem, okonzekera nthawi zambiri amayankha chilichonse.
Kawirikawiri okonza okhawo amapempha othamanga ena kuti azichita nawo masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Ndemanga za Pacemaker
Pakadali pano, Marathon ya ku Moscow mu 2014 inali mwayi wanga woyamba wokha kutenga nawo gawo ngati pacemaker. Ndinalembera okonzekera, kuwauza zamasewera anga - ndipo adandilemba ntchito.
Poyamba, khamu lalikulu lidathamangira kumbuyo kwanga, ndimachita mantha kutembenuka. Kenako anthu anayamba kutsalira m'mbuyo. Ndi ochepa omwe adayamba ndikumaliza ndi ine.
Ndinkaona kuti ndili ndi udindo waukulu. Ndayiwala kuti ndimathamanga marathon inemwini, ndimaganizira za omwe amathamangira pafupi nane, amawalimbikitsa komanso kuwadera nkhawa. Pa mpikisanowu tidakambirana nkhani zosiyanasiyana zothamanga ndikuyimba nyimbo. Kupatula apo, imodzi mwamaudindo a pacemaker ndi, mwazina, kuthandizira malingaliro kwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali.
Ekaterina Z., wopanga pacemaker wa Marathon ya Moscow ya 2014
Okonza anandipempha kuti ndikhale ngati pacemaker kudzera mwa mnzanga. Tinkathamanga ndi mbendera yapadera, tinali ndi wotchi yoyenda, yomwe titha kuwona zotsatira.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pamitundu yonse, pacemaker ndimatenga nawo gawo pamtunda wampikisano. Zachidziwikire, amalandiranso mendulo ya izi.
Grigory S., pacemaker wa 2014 Marathon Moscow.
Omwe amapanga masewera olimbitsa thupi ndiofunikira pamipikisano, ngakhale atakhala akatswiri kapena akatswiri. Amakhazikitsa mayendedwe, amatsogolera othamanga kapena magulu onse othamanga kuzotsatira. Ndipo amathandizanso otenga nawo gawo pamaganizidwe, mutha kuwalankhulira pamitu yamasewera.
