Marathon ndi mpikisano wothamanga momwe othamanga amayenda mtunda wamakilomita 42 195 mita.
Mitundu imatha kuchitika m'malo osiyana kotheratu, kuyambira msewu waukulu kupita kumalo ovuta. Kutalikiranso kumatha kusiyanasiyana ngati tikulankhula za mawonekedwe osakhala achikale. Tiyeni tiwone bwino mitundu yonse yokhudzana ndi mpikisano.
Mbiri
Mbiri ya mpikisanowu ingagawidwe magawo awiri:
- Zakale
- Zamakono
Kutchulidwa koyamba kubwera ku nthano yakale ya wankhondo wankhondo Phidippis. Nkhondo itatha pafupi ndi mzinda wa Marathon, adathamangira ku Athens kwawo, adalengeza kupambana kwake ndipo adamwalira.
Masewera oyamba adachitika mu 1896, pomwe ophunzira adathamanga kuchokera ku Marathon kupita ku Athens. Okonzekerawo anali Michel Breal ndi Pierre Coubertin. Wopambana pa mpikisano woyamba wa amuna anali Spiridon Luis, yemwe adathamanga maola atatu mphindi 18. Mitundu yoyamba ya akazi idachitika mu 1984 yokha.
Zambiri zamtunda
Kutalikirana
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mtunda wothamangawo ndi pafupifupi 42 km. Popita nthawi, kutalika kunasintha, popeza sikunakonzedwe.
Mwachitsanzo, mu 1908 ku London mtunda unali makilomita 42 ndi 195 mita, mu 1912 anali makilomita 40.2. Kutalika kotsiriza kunakhazikitsidwa mu 1921, komwe kunali 42 km ndi 195 m.
Kuthamanga mpikisano
Kuphatikiza pa mtunda, zofunikira zimayikidwa mtunda, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi mfundo izi:
- Nyengo
- Chitonthozo
- Chitetezo
- Malo othandiza apadera patali
Okonzekera akuyenera kuonetsetsa kuti onse omwe akutenga nawo mpikisanowu ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira komanso chitonthozo. Mtundawo ukhoza kukhala pamisewu ikuluikulu, mayendedwe oyenda kapena njira zapansi.
Pa makilomita 5 aliwonse a njirayo, payenera kukhala malo apadera pomwe othamanga amatha kupuma, kumwa madzi kapena kudzipulumutsa, popeza othamanga amafunika kusungitsa madzi ndikubwezeretsanso nkhokwe zamagetsi poyesa.
Kuyamba ndi kumaliza kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa pagawo la bwaloli. Ndikofunikira kuti pakhale akatswiri azachipatala omwe angathandize othamanga. Komanso kupezeka kwa ogwira ntchito yazamalamulo pakagwa zadzidzidzi zomwe zimawopseza thanzi ndi moyo wa omwe akuchita nawo mpikisano. Misonkhano imatha kusiyanasiyana nyengo, koma izi zikutanthauza mtundu wina wa mpikisano, womwe tikambirane pansipa.
Mitundu ya mpikisano
Mpikisano uli wa mitundu ingapo:
- Zamalonda
- Zopanda phindu
- Kwambiri
KU zopanda phindu akuphatikiza omwe akuphatikizidwa mu pulogalamu ya Masewera a Olimpiki. Ali ndi ndandanda yawo komanso mafuko awo, pomwe pali magawano omveka bwino pakati pa mafuko a amuna ndi akazi.
Pansi zamalonda mvetsetsani mwambowu wopangidwa ndi anthu wamba. Amasiyana chifukwa aliyense akhoza kutenga nawo mbali. Nthawi zambiri amachitikira nthawi yophukira kapena masika, chifukwa ndimaona kuti iyi ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri pokhudzana ndi nyengo. Kuyamba kwa mpikisano wamwamuna ndi wa akazi kumatha kuchitika ola limodzi kapena ngakhale limodzi. (Perekani zitsanzo)
Palinso mtundu wina wapadera - monyanyira... Awa ndi mayeso okwera kwambiri omwe atha kuchitidwa m'malo achilendo kwambiri. M'mipikisano yotereyi, kupulumuka sikumakhalanso ntchito yovuta, ndipo kufunikira kwakukulu sikumaperekedwa pamasewera, koma kutsatsa kapena cholinga chothandiza. Zitha kuchitika m'zipululu, nkhalango, ndi Arctic Circle.
Mwachitsanzo, Marathon des Sables ndi mpikisano wam'chipululu womwe umatha masiku 7. Tsiku lililonse, ophunzira akuyenda mtunda wokhazikika ndikukwaniritsa nthawi yake, ngati sichikuwonedwa, kuyimitsidwa kumachitika. Othamanga amanyamula zovala zawo zonse, chakudya ndi madzi. Bungwe limangoyang'anira malo owonjezera amadzi ndi malo ogona.
Zolemba Padziko Lonse
Zolemba Padziko Lonse pampikisano uwu zidagawika motere:
- Cha Amayi
- Zachimuna
Munthu wothamanga kwambiri adakhala wothamanga Dennis Quimetto. Adathamanga maola awiri mphindi zitatu. Adalemba mbiri mu 2014.
Wothamanga Paula Radcliffe adadziwika pakati pa azimayi. Adalemba mbiri mu 2003, akuyenda mtunda wautali maola awiri mphindi 15 ndi masekondi 23. Wothamanga waku Kenya a Mary Keitani adasamukira pafupi ndi Field. Mu 2012, adathamanga mphindi 3 ndi masekondi 12 pang'onopang'ono.
Othamanga apadera patali pano
Kenenes Bekele adatha kuyandikira mbiri ya amuna, yomwe mu 2016 idathamanga masekondi 5 okha kuposa omwe ali ndi mbiri yakale, ndiye kuti, m'maola awiri ndi mphindi zitatu ndi masekondi atatu. Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndi kusiyana pakati pa mpikisano wachitatu wapamwamba kwambiri wothamanga waku Kenya. Eliudu Kipchoge... Mu 2016, adangotsala ndi masekondi 2 okha pazotsatira za Bekele.
Mwa akazi, Meya Keitani ndi Katrina Nderebe. Woyamba adakwanitsa kukhazikitsa zotsatirazi kwa maola 2 mphindi 18 ndi masekondi 37. Katrina adathamanga masekondi 10 pang'ono mu 2001 Chicago Race.
Kupambana kwapadera kwakwaniritsidwa Emil Zatopek mu 1952. Anakwanitsa kupambana mendulo zagolide zitatu, ndikupambana ma 5000 mita, 10,000 mita ndi marathon.
Marathon othamanga akuthamanga
Mitundu yoposa 800 imachitika chaka chilichonse. Osewera kwambiri komanso otsogola pakadali pano ndi mipikisano yomwe imachitikira ku Boston, London,
Tokyo ndi New York. Mpikisano wakale kwambiri ku Slovakia umaganiziridwa - Kosice. Mpikisano wa Boston, womwe unachitikira mu 2008, ukhoza kusiyanitsidwa. Bajeti yawo inali madola 800 zikwi, zikwi 150 za zomwe zidaperekedwa kwa wopambana.
Ndemanga kuchokera kwa omwe atenga nawo mbali
Ganizirani ndemanga kuchokera kwa omwe akutenga nawo gawo:
Ekaterina Kantovskaya, wolemba blog "Chimwemwe panjira", adalankhula motere: " Ndazichita! Ndinathamanga marathon ndipo ndine wokondwa kwambiri. Izi zakhala maloto anga kwa zaka zambiri ndipo tsopano ndakwanitsa kuzikwaniritsa. Zomwe ndidapita kwanthawi yayitali, kuthana ndi zovuta ndi zovuta, zidadzilungamitsa zokha 100%. Kufika kumapeto ndikumverera kodabwitsa. Ntchitoyi inali yabwino ndipo ndikuganiza kuti sindinachite nawo chochitika chotsiriza ichi. "
"Ndidakondana ndi mpikisano wamachitidwe ake! Pali zambiri zomwe simukudziwa komwe mungagwiritse ntchito, koma apa zonse zimayendetsedwa molunjika ku cholinga chimodzi. Marathon kwa ine ndi njira yoyika zonse m'malo mwake ndikuchotsa zinthu zosafunikira. Kupambana pamasewera sichinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa ine pano. Chachikulu ndichakuti marathon imapereka moyo. Mtendere ndi kukhutira chifukwa chokwaniritsa zolingazo. "
Albina Bulatova
“Poyamba, malingaliro pazinthu zotere anali okayikira kwambiri. Sindinakhulupirire kuti kuthamanga kungasinthe moyo wanga ndikusintha kukhala mbali yabwino. Komabe, pambuyo pa sabata yoyamba yokonzekera, malingaliro anga adayamba kusintha. Kutsiriza ntchito zatsopano kunathandiza kuthana ndi zovuta zina pamoyo, ndipo zizolowezi zambiri zothandiza zidawonekera. Tsopano ndikusamalira kwambiri thanzi langa, banja langa komanso ndekha. Chifukwa cha marathon!
Tatiana Karavaeva
“Ndimayembekezera china chosiyana, ndimayembekezera zambiri. Poyambirira, ndimakumana ndi zatsopano komanso machitidwe atsopano, ndidakonda zonsezi. Koma pambuyo pake chilimbikitso chidasowa, mphamvuyo idatsalira. Kukonzekera kumatenga nthawi yayitali ndikusokoneza moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Sindingathe kuthamanga mpaka kumapeto, zomwe sindikudandaula nkomwe. Marathon adasiya malingaliro osalimbikitsa.
Olga Lukina
"Zonse mwangwiro! Zambiri zosangalatsa komanso zosangalatsa. Chofunikira kwambiri kwa ine ndikuti ndikhale ndi chidziwitso chatsopano, chidziwitso komanso momwe ndikumvera. Apa ndinalandira zonsezi ndipo osadandaula konse kuti ndidatenga nawo gawo.
Victoria Chainikova
Marathon ndi mwayi wabwino wosintha moyo wanu, kupeza zokumana nazo zatsopano komanso anzanu. Kwa othamanga, awa akadali mpikisano wapamwamba, njira yodziwonetsera okha, kuthekera kwawo ndikukhala opambana.
Ngati muli ndi cholinga chochita nawo ndikudutsa mayesowa, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ndi malangizo awa:
- Sankhani nyengo molondola. Nthawi zabwino kwambiri ndi Okutobala-Novembala ndi Marichi-Epulo.
- Maphunziro oyenera komanso oganiza bwino ndi wophunzitsa.
- Zakudya zolondola ndi kugona.
- Dzipatseni chilimbikitso nthawi zonse. Mwachitsanzo, kudzipindulitsa mukakwaniritsa cholinga.
- Zovala ndi nsapato mosamala zomwe zingakhale zabwino kwa inu ndikupangira masewera.
- Pangani dongosolo lanu, nthawi ndi magawo anu pasadakhale.
- Yesetsani kusangalala
Ngati mumamatira ku malangizowa, simudzakhala ndi mavuto omaliza marathon ndikukwaniritsa maloto anu.
