Chofunika kwambiri pulogalamuyi, ikafika osati pamaseŵero, koma pa masewera, ndi mpikisano wamamuna 100 wamamuna. Kugonana mwachilungamo, kutenga nawo mbali kwathunthu pamasewera onse othamanga, kumasangalatsa mafani ndi kukongola ndi chisomo, zotsatira zabwino m'mbuyomu, mawonekedwe achimuna, koma ... samayesa kukhala munthu wothamanga kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Dzinalo Usain Bolt amadziwika bwino, ndipo a Florence Griffith (omwe ali ndi mbiri ya 100m), kuyika mofatsa, siotchuka kwambiri, ngakhale kuti kupambana kwawo kumatha pafupifupi zaka 30.
Kodi sprint ndi chiyani?
Ochepera 10sec. (umu ndi momwe othamanga apadziko lonse lapansi amathamanga 100m) magwiridwe antchito owonera ndipo nkhondo ya othamanga imatha. Kuti akhale membala, wina amafunika kugula tikiti, pomwe ena amafunika kukhala zaka zambiri zamaphunziro otopetsa.
100m ndi sprint yachikale. Popanda kuchepetsa kuyenera kwa madera ena othamanga, omwe akuphatikizapo 60m (m'nyengo yachisanu yokha), 200m, 400m, komanso zopinga za 110m, "kuluka" ndiye mtsogoleri wosatsutsika pagulu la "kutchuka".
Mipikisano yothamanga ya sprint - 4x100 ndi 4x400m - ndiyosangalatsa ndipo imakhala yosangalatsa nthawi zonse.
Masitepe ndi mawonekedwe amachitidwe a 100 mita
Kugwira ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa mu sprint kumatsimikiziratu zofunikira muukadaulo waluso ndi luso la othamanga. Njira zosankhira masewera olimbitsa thupi pamagawo osiyanasiyana amachitidwe ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi maphunziro aomwe amakhala.
Kuthamanga kwa 100m kumakhala kogawana m'magawo akulu - kuyamba, kuyambira kuthamanga, kuthamanga mtunda, kumaliza kuthamanga.
Gawo lirilonse limafunikira maphunziro apadera aukadaulo.
Chithunzi chonse chimapangidwa pokhapokha mutazindikira zinthu zonse zovuta.
Ndikofunikira kuyala maziko a njira yolondola kwa othamanga achichepere, ndipo ambuye, ngakhale oyenerera kwambiri, amafunika kulabadira kusintha kwake.
Yambani
M'maphunziro othamanga, ophunzira amayamba kuchokera "poyambira pang'ono" pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyambira. Wothamanga amasankha mtunda kuchokera kumzere woyambira komanso pakati pamabwalo. Mwendo wothamanga uli kutsogolo. Mwendo wina umapuma pa bondo.
Manja owongoka amayikidwa kutsogolo kwa mzere woyambira, wokulirapo pang'ono kuposa mapewa, kuyang'ana kumayendetsedwa mita imodzi kutsogolo. Woweruza woyambira amapereka malamulo awiri: 1. "kuyamba", pambuyo pake ndikofunikira kutenga malo mzitsulo ndikudalira manja anu. 2. "chidwi" - chiuno chimakwezedwa, thupi limapita patsogolo, kudikirira "kuwombera". Ndikofunika kuchitapo kanthu kuwomberako msanga ndikukankhira kunja kwa ziyangoyango.
M'gawo lino lokonzeka, minofu ya m'munsi sikuyenera kutchera msampha, yomwe idzawalole kuti agwirizane nthawi yoyenera ndikupeza "catapult". Mapadi amakono amakhala ndi zomata zamagetsi ndipo zimakupatsani mwayi wodziwa chiyambi cholakwika chomwe sichingathe kuwongoleredwa ndi diso la munthu. Zonama zimayambira pazithunzithunzi ndizochitika zanthawi zonse (tizigawo ta sekondi ndi zodula kwambiri) ndipo zidayambitsa mikangano ndikupempha m'mbuyomu. kutsimikiza kolondola kudalira kulingalira kwa woweruza koyambirira.
Lingaliro litaperekedwa mwa luso lamagetsi, nkhaniyi idachotsedwa pamndandanda. Mu 2011, mu mpikisano womaliza wa World Championship, W. Bolt sanayeneretsedwe poyambira zabodza - ukulu wake sunasangalatse ndi zokha. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha "liwiro losavuta kuyankha" (pamenepa, kulira kwa mawu) kumapereka mwayi wogwira pachiyambi.
Imodzi mwazinthu zothandiza kwambiri poyeserera kuyambira ndi kutuluka ndi kuthamanga koyenda, mosiyanasiyana kutalika ndi kuchuluka kwakusinthana. Zochita zolumpha (kuchokera kuyimirira mpaka kutalika ndi kutalika, ndi zolemera ndi kukana), kukwera masitepe, kukwera ndi zina zambiri, zomwe cholinga chake ndikukulitsa mikhalidwe yamphamvu zothamanga (mphamvu "zophulika").
Kuyambira kuthamanga
Pa gawo ili lothamanga, wothamanga amafunika kuti afike mwachangu liwiro pafupi kwambiri.
Ndikofunika kusunga kupendekeka kolondola kwa thupi, chifukwa Kutambasula bwino kwa mchiuno koyambirira kuyenera kupanga chonyamulira champhamvu chowongoleredwa mopingasa kuposa mmwamba. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, thupi "limadzuka" ndipo njira yothamanga imafanana ndi "mtunda". Palibe malire osintha okhwima.
Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti atagonjetsa 30-40m, wothamangayo ayenera kukwaniritsa kuthamanga kwambiri. Kusintha kwa mayendedwe ndi kutalika kwa kutalika, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezeka kwaulendo wapaulendo, mayendedwe osiyanasiyana azizindikiro ndi mawonekedwe a nthawi yonyamuka. Katundu wamkulu amanyamulidwa ndi minofu yotambasula ya ntchafu ndi mwendo wapansi.
Kuthamanga kwakutali
Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti mosasamala luso la othamanga, liwiro lalikulu limafikiridwa mphindi 6, ndipo pambuyo pa 8 imagwa.
Phazi limayikidwa panjanji kuyambira chala chakumanja; kutsitsa sikuchitika ku gawo lonse la phazi. Kuti mukwaniritse kuthamanga komanso kufanana kwa liwiro, ndikofunikira kuti masitepe ochokera kumiyendo yosiyana amafanana. Manja ali opindika m'zigongono pamakona oyenera, amagwira ntchito momasuka, mwachangu komanso molumikizana ndi miyendo. Minofu imagwira modzidzimutsa (contraction-relaxation) kuti ikwaniritse kusuntha kwaulere pang'ono pang'onopang'ono.
Thupi ndiloyimirira, thupi limapendekeka pang'ono, kuzungulira kwa lamba wamapewa ndikochepa. Ndikofunikira kuwongolera kukonza kwa mbali pakati pa pivot ndi kupindika kwa mwendo wokankha mu pivot gawo - mbaliyo ili pafupi madigiri 90 a othamanga mkalasi
Paulendo wapaulendo, kuchepa kwa m'chiuno kumachita gawo lina. Kusanthula kwa mayendedwe amchiuno, m'munsi mwendo ndi phazi pokhudzana ndi chiuno, bondo ndi mfundo zamakolo ndi malo awo pakuthandizira ndi thunthu kumapangitsa kuti athe kuwunika ma biomechanics oyenda ndikuwongolera njirayi. Kujambula zithunzi ndi kanema kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pofufuza mwatsatanetsatane kapangidwe kazinthu zina.
Malizitsani
Korona wa magawo am'mbuyomu. Ndizomvetsa chisoni kutaya mpikisano pomwe mzere womaliza uli pamtunda wa mamitala ochepa ndipo osewera onse ali kumbuyo. Kutsiriza kuthamanga ndi m'mene mungadutsire kumapeto - malusowa akuyeneranso kukhala mu zida zankhondo.
Ndikofunika kukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira kuti tithe kumaliza bwino - kutopa komwe kumasonkhanitsidwako kumabweretsa zovuta zina ndikuti "kuswa" njirayi.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muziyenda pafupipafupi chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri mikono. Ukadaulo wamakono umapereka kuchepa kwakukulu pakunyamuka kuchokera ku chithandizo ndipo nthawi yomweyo kuwonjezeka kopendekera mtsogolo kwa thupi pamapeto omaliza. Kutsiriza ndi "kulumpha" kapena kudutsa kwa "khola", osasintha maziko a kayendetsedwe kake, sikunapitirire kuyesa kwa nthawi.
Mapulogalamu amagwiritsira ntchito kumaliza kumaliza monga kukankhira phewa kapena chifuwa patsogolo ndi mikono mmbuyo.
Nthawi zambiri, kuti mudziwe wopambana mpikisanowu, gulu la oweruza limakhala kuti lithandizire kumaliza chithunzi.
Malangizo Okuthandizani Kuthamanga 100m
Kulimbitsa thupi
Kudziwa njira ya sprint, monga masewera aliwonse, ndizosatheka popanda maphunziro oyambira komanso mwakuthupi.
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumakhazikitsa maziko azomwe thupi limachita mopanikizika kwambiri (kuthamanga kwa 100m ndimmene zimakhalira), ndipo yapadera imapangidwira kukulitsa magulu amisili ndi mikhalidwe yothamanga monga mphamvu, kulumikizana, kuthamanga, kupirira mwachangu, kulumpha luso. Pamodzi ndi iwo, maphunziro amisala komanso malingaliro amatsagana ndi othamanga pantchito yonse.
Njira yophunzitsira kwa nthawi yayitali imathandizira kwambiri, pomwe nthawi yazinthu zazikulu imasinthidwa ndikanthawi kakuchira.
Kutseguka kowoneka bwino kwa wothamanga woyenerera bwino kugonjetsa omutsutsa kumawonetsa njira yayikulu yomwe imabisa katundu wa titanic - kugunda kwa mtima kumatha kupitirira 200 BPM, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakwera kwambiri.
Konzekera
Mitundu yotentha ya oyamba kumene komanso odziwa zambiri imasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Ngati kutenthetsa kwa wothamanga kuli kokwanira koyamba, ndiye kuti mbuyeyo amaphatikizanso gawo lina lazomwe amachita.
Monga lamulo, kutentha kumayamba ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi osiyanasiyana omwe amapatula kuthamanga kwakanthawi (kuthamanga pang'ono kwa 40-50 m, kuthamanga ndi kukweza kwambiri m'chiuno, kusesa mwendo wam'munsi kumbuyo, kulumphira kuthamanga ndikusinthira ku mathamangitsidwe, ndi zina zambiri), zolimbitsa thupi zamagulu osiyanasiyana amisempha , kugwedezeka, mayendedwe ozungulira, zikhoterero.
Kupitilira apo, kusintha kwa gawo lolumpha (kuchokera pamalo, patatu, kulumpha mwendo umodzi) ndikubwereranso kuyendetsa (kusintha ntchito zoyambirira za ntchito zomwe zikuyenda). Gawo lofunda la masewera olimbitsa thupi limatha ndikuthawa mwachangu, koma osati mwamphamvu zonse.
Zida
Chilichonse chikuwonekera apa - muyenera kusankha nsapato zoyenera.
"Ma Stud" a sprint amapangidwa moganizira zanzeru ndi zina zapadera za maluso amtunduwu wa zamasewera.
Opepuka, okhawo ndi owonda, osinthasintha, okhala ndi zida zabwino zoyamwitsa. Mitengo imalumikizidwa pamphuno, pafupifupi pansi pa zala, kuti zithetse mphamvu yobwerera.
Mukamayesa nsapato, muyenera kulabadira kukhazikika kwa phazi.
Ma Stud amasankhidwa kutengera mawonekedwe omwe mudzaphunzitse kapena kutenga nawo mbali pamapikisano.
Zotsatira zakuthamanga kwa 100m zimayezedwa m'makhumi ndi ma zana a sekondi. Apa, zofunikira pakapita patsogolo zikuyang'ana kumapeto, kotero ngakhale zolakwika zazing'ono pakugwiritsa ntchito luso zimakhala zosakwanira.
