Kuthamanga kwa 2019: kafukufuku wamkulu kwambiri kuposa onse

Ndiko kufufuza koyamba padziko lonse lapansi. Ikufotokoza zotsatira Mitundu 107.9 miliyoni ndi masewera opitilira 70 zikwiyochokera ku 1986 mpaka 2018. Pakadali pano, aka ndi kafukufuku wamkulu kwambiri wazomwe zakhala zikuchitika m'mbiri. KeepRun yamasulira ndikufalitsa kafukufukuyu, mutha kuphunzira zoyambirira patsamba la RunRepeat pa ulalowu.

Zotsatira zazikulu

1. Chiwerengero cha omwe akutenga nawo mbali pamipikisano chatsika ndi 13% poyerekeza ndi 2016. Kenako kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amafika kumapeto ndi mbiri yakale: 9.1 miliyoni. Komabe, ku Asia, chiwerengero cha othamanga chikupitilira kukula mpaka lero.
2. Anthu amathamanga pang'onopang'ono kuposa kale. Makamaka amuna. Mu 1986, nthawi yomaliza inali 3:52:35, pomwe lero ndi 4:32:49. Uku ndikusiyana kwa mphindi 40 masekondi 14.
3. Othamanga amakono ndi akale kwambiri. Mu 1986, azaka zawo zapakati anali zaka 35.2, ndipo mu 2018 - zaka 39.3.
4. Ochita masewera othamanga ochokera ku Spain amathamanga kwambiri kuposa ena, anthu aku Russia akuthamanga theka la marathon bwino kwambiri, ndipo aku Switzerland ndi aku Ukraine ndi omwe akutsogolera mtunda wamakilomita 10 ndi 5, motsatana.
5. Kwa nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri, kuchuluka kwa othamanga achikazi kudaposa amuna. Mu 2018, azimayi amakhala ndi 50.24% mwaomwe amapikisana nawo.
6. Masiku ano, kuposa kale lonse, anthu amapita kumaiko ena kukapikisana.
7. Zomwe akufuna kuchita nawo mpikisano zasintha. Tsopano anthu samakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi masewera, koma ndi zolinga zakuthupi, zachikhalidwe kapena zamaganizidwe. Izi zimafotokozera chifukwa chake anthu ayamba kuyenda kwambiri, ayamba kuyenda pang'onopang'ono, komanso chifukwa chomwe kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akufuna kukondwerera kukwaniritsa zaka zinazake (30, 40, 50) lero ndi zaka zosakwana 15 ndi 30 zapitazo.

Ngati mukufuna kufanizitsa zotsatira zanu ndi othamanga ena, pali chowerengera chothandizira ichi.

Zambiri zakusaka ndi njira

• Zambiri zimakhudza 96% yamipikisano ku US, 91% yazotsatira ku Europe, Canada ndi Australia, komanso Asia, Africa ndi South America.
• Othamanga akatswiri samaphatikizidwa pakuwunikaku chifukwa amaperekedwa kwa akatswiri.
• Kuyenda ndi zoyendetsa zachifundo sizimaphatikizidwanso pakuwunikirako, monganso kuthamangitsidwa kwina ndi zina zosavomerezeka.
• Kusanthula kumeneku kumakhudza mayiko 193 ovomerezeka ndi UN.
• Kafukufukuyu adathandizidwa ndi International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) ndipo adawonetsedwa ku China mu Juni 2019.
• Zambiri zidasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kumasamba azotsatirana ampikisano komanso kuchokera kumabungwe amasewera othamanga ndi omwe amakonzekera mpikisano.
• Zonsezi, kuwunikiraku kunaphatikizapo zotsatira za mipikisano 107.9 miliyoni ndi mipikisano 70 zikwi.
• Nthawi yowerengera idachitika kuyambira 1986 mpaka 2018.

Mphamvu za omwe akutenga nawo mbali pamipikisano

Kuthamanga ndi imodzi mwamasewera otchuka ndipo ali ndi mafani ambiri. Koma, monga chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikuwonetsera, pazaka 2 zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali pamipikisano yapadziko lonse kwatsika kwambiri. Izi zimagwira makamaka ku Europe ndi United States. Nthawi yomweyo, kuthamanga kukuyamba kutchuka ku Asia, koma osathamanga mokwanira kulipirira zomwe zatsala kumadzulo.

Kukula kwakale kunali mu 2016. Ndiye panali othamanga 9.1 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi. Mwa 2018, chiwerengerocho chinali chitatsika mpaka 7.9 miliyoni (mwachitsanzo, kutsika 13%). Ngati mungayang'ane kusintha kwa kusintha pazaka 10 zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa othamanga kwakula ndi 57.8% (kuyambira anthu 5 mpaka 7.9 miliyoni).

Chiwerengero cha omwe atenga nawo mbali pampikisanowu

Odziwika kwambiri ndi ma 5 km mtunda ndi theka marathons (mu 2018, 2.1 ndi 2.9 miliyoni adawathamangitsa, motsatana). Komabe, pazaka 2 zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali pamakalasiwa kwatsika kwambiri. Masewera othamanga a theka-marathon adatsika ndi 25%, ndipo kuthamanga kwa 5 km kudacheperako ndi 13%.

Ma kilomita 10 mtunda ndi ma marathoni ali ndi otsatira ochepa - mu 2018 panali otenga nawo mbali 1.8 ndi 1.1 miliyoni. Komabe, pazaka 2-3 zapitazi, chiwerengerochi sichinasinthe ndikusintha mkati mwa 2%.

Mphamvu za othamanga pamtunda wosiyana

Palibe chifukwa chenicheni chotsikira kutchuka. Koma Nazi malingaliro ena omwe angakhalepo:

1. Pazaka 10 zapitazi, chiwerengero cha othamanga chawonjezeka ndi 57%, zomwe ndizosangalatsa zokha. Koma, monga zimakhalira, masewera atapeza chotsatira chokwanira, chimadutsa munthawi yakuchepa. Ndizovuta kunena ngati nthawi iyi idzakhala yayitali kapena yayifupi. Ngakhale zitakhala zotani, makampani omwe akuyendetsa zinthu akuyenera kukumbukira izi.
2. Pomwe masewera amayamba kutchuka, pamakhala njira zingapo zamasewera. Zomwezo zidachitika ndikuthamanga. Ngakhale zaka 10 zapitazo, mpikisano wothamanga unali cholinga cha moyo wonse kwa othamanga ambiri, ndipo ndi ochepa okha omwe adakwanitsa. Ndiye othamanga osadziŵa zambiri anayamba kutenga nawo mbali pa mpikisano wothamanga. Izi zidatsimikizira kuti kuyesaku kuli m'manja mwa akatswiri. Panali mafashoni othamanga, ndipo nthawi ina othamanga othamanga adazindikira kuti mpikisano sulinso wothamanga kwambiri. Sanamvekenso apadera, omwe kwa ambiri ndichimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri pakuchita nawo mpikisano. Zotsatira zake, ultramarathon, njira yothamanga ndi triathlon idawonekera.
3. Zoyeserera za othamanga zasintha, ndipo mpikisano ulibe nthawi yoti agwirizane ndi izi. Zizindikiro zingapo zikuwonetsa izi. Kusanthula uku kukuwonetsa kuti: 1) Mu 2019, anthu amatenga zofunikira kwambiri pazinthu zakale (30, 40, 50, 60 zaka) kuposa zaka 15 zapitazo, chifukwa chake amakondwerera mwambowu kangapo pochita nawo marathon, 2) Anthu amatha kuyenda kukachita nawo mu mpikisano ndi 3) Nthawi yomalizira yawonjezeka kwambiri. Ndipo izi sizigwira ntchito kwa anthu pawokha, koma kwa onse omwe akuchita nawo mpikisano pafupifupi. "Demography" ya marathon yasintha - tsopano othamanga omwe akutenga nawo gawo amatenga nawo mbali. Mfundo zitatuzi zikuwonetsa kuti omwe akutenga nawo mbali tsopano amayamikira zokumana nazo kuposa masewera. Imeneyi ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri, koma makampani othamanga sanathe kusintha nthawi kuti akwaniritse mzimu wamasiku ano.

Izi zimadzutsa funso la zomwe anthu amakonda nthawi zambiri - mipikisano yayikulu kapena yaying'ono. Mpikisano "waukulu" umaganiziridwa ngati anthu opitilira 5 zikwi amatenga nawo mbali.

Kuwunikaku kunawonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali pazinthu zazikulu ndi zazing'ono ndizofanana: zochitika zazikulu zimakopa othamanga 14% kuposa ang'onoang'ono.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa othamanga pazochitika zonsezi ndi chimodzimodzi. Chiwerengero cha omwe akutenga nawo mbali pamipikisano yayikulu idakula mpaka 2015, ndipo ocheperako - mpaka 2016. Komabe, masiku ano mipikisano yaying'ono ikutaya kutchuka mwachangu - kuyambira 2016, pakhala kuchepa kwa 13%. Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali pamasewera akuluakulu adatsika ndi 9%.

Onse opikisana nawo

Anthu akamayankhula zampikisano, nthawi zambiri amatanthauza ma marathons. Koma mzaka zaposachedwa, marathons amangotenga 12% yokha mwaomwe onse omwe akuchita nawo mpikisano (koyambirira kwa zaka zana lino chiwerengerochi chinali 25%). M'malo mokhala patali, anthu ambiri masiku ano amakonda hafu ya marathoni. Kuyambira 2001, gawo la theka lothamanga lakula kuchokera pa 17% mpaka 30%.

Kwa zaka zambiri, kuchuluka kwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali mu mpikisano wa 5 ndi 10 km sikunasinthe. Kwa makilomita 5, chizindikirocho chimasinthasintha mkati mwa 3%, komanso makilomita 10 - mkati mwa 5%.

Kugawa kwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali pakati patali

Malizitsani kusintha kwa nthawi

Mpikisano

Dziko likuchepa pang'onopang'ono. Komabe, kuyambira 2001, njirayi sinatchulidwe kwenikweni. Pakati pa 1986 ndi 2001, liwiro lothamanga kwambiri lidakwera kuchokera 3:52:35 mpaka 4:28:56 (ndiye 15%). Nthawi yomweyo, kuyambira 2001, chizindikirochi chakula ndi mphindi 4 zokha (kapena 1.4%) ndikufika pa 4:32:49.

Mphamvu zapadziko lonse lapansi

Ngati mungayang'ane zochitika zakumapeto kwa abambo ndi amai, mutha kuwona kuti amuna akucheperachepera (ngakhale kuyambira 2001 zosintha sizinali zofunikira). Pakati pa 1986 ndi 2001, nthawi yayitali yomaliza ya amuna idakwera ndi mphindi 27, kuchokera 3:48:15 mpaka 4:15:13 (kuyimira kuchuluka kwa 10.8%). Pambuyo pake, chizindikirocho chidakwera ndi mphindi 7 zokha (kapena 3%).

Mbali inayi, azimayi poyamba adachedwetsa kuposa amuna. Kuyambira 1986 mpaka 2001, nthawi yomaliza ya azimayi idakwera kuchokera 4:18:00 am mpaka 4:56:18 pm (mphindi 38 kapena 14.8%). Koma ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 21, izi zidasintha ndipo azimayi adayamba kuthamanga kwambiri. Kuyambira 2001 mpaka 2018, avareji yasinthidwa ndi mphindi 4 (kapena 1.3%).

Malizitsani kusintha kwakanthawi kwa akazi ndi abambo

Malizitsani kusintha kwakanthawi kwamitunda yosiyana

Kwa mtunda wina wonse, pali kuwonjezeka kosalekeza kwakanthawi kochepa pakati pa abambo ndi amai. Ndi azimayi okha omwe adakwanitsa kuthana ndi izi komanso mu marathon okha.

Malizitsani Nthawi Yamphamvu - Marathon

Malizitsani nthawi yayitali - theka la marathon

Malizitsani kutulutsa nthawi - makilomita 10

Malizitsani kutulutsa nthawi - makilomita 5

Chiyanjano pakati pa mtunda ndi mayendedwe

Ngati mungayang'ane kuthamanga kwakanthawi kwamitunda yonse inayi, zikuwonekeratu kuti anthu azaka zonse komanso amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amachita bwino kwambiri theka la marathon. Ophunzirawo amaliza theka la marathoni pa liwiro lapamwamba kwambiri kuposa mtunda wonsewo.

Kwa theka la marathon, mayendedwe apakati ndi 1 km mu 5:40 mphindi za amuna ndi 1 km mu 6:22 mphindi kwa akazi.

Pa marathon, mayendedwe apakati ndi 1 km mu 6:43 mphindi kwa amuna (18% pochepera theka la marathon) ndi 1 km mu 6:22 mphindi za akazi (17% pang'onopang'ono kuposa theka la marathon).

Kwa mtunda wamakilomita 10, mayendedwe apakati ndi 1 km mu 5:51 mphindi za amuna (3% pang'onopang'ono kuposa theka la marathon) ndi 1 km mu 6:58 mphindi za akazi (9% pang'onopang'ono kuposa theka la marathon) ...

Kwa mtunda wamakilomita 5, mayendedwe apakati ndi 1 km mu 7:04 mphindi kwa amuna (25% pochepera theka la marathon) ndi 1 km mu 8:18 mphindi za akazi (30% pang'onopang'ono kuposa theka la marathon) ...

Kuthamanga kwapakati - akazi

Kutalika kwapakati - amuna

Kusiyana kumeneku kumatha kufotokozedwa ndikuti hafu ya marathon ndiyotchuka kuposa mtunda wina. Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kuti othamanga ambiri othamanga asintha mpaka theka lantchito, kapena akuthamanga onse awiri ndi theka.

Mtunda wamakilomita 5 ndiye "wocheperako" mtunda, chifukwa ndibwino kwa oyamba kumene komanso achikulire. Zotsatira zake, oyamba kumene ambiri amatenga nawo mbali m'mipikisano ya 5K omwe samadziyikira okha cholinga chowonetsa zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.

Malizitsani nthawi ndi dziko

Othamanga ambiri amakhala ku United States. Koma pakati pa mayiko ena omwe ali ndi othamanga kwambiri, othamanga aku America nthawi zonse amakhala ocheperako.

Pakadali pano, kuyambira 2002, othamanga marathon ochokera ku Spain akhala akupitilira anthu ena onse.

Malizitsani kusintha kwa nthawi ndi dziko

Dinani pamndandanda wotsika pansipa kuti muwone kuthamanga kwa nthumwi za mayiko osiyanasiyana mtunda wosiyanasiyana:

Maliza nthawi ndi dziko - 5 km

Mayiko achangu kwambiri pamtunda wa 5 km

Mosayembekezereka, ngakhale Spain imadutsa mayiko ena onse pamtunda wampikisano, ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimachedwetsa kwambiri pamtunda wa 5 km. Mayiko othamanga kwambiri pamtunda wa makilomita 5 ndi Ukraine, Hungary ndi Switzerland. Nthawi yomweyo, Switzerland imatenga malo achitatu pamtunda wa 5 km, malo oyamba pamtunda wa 10 km, ndi malo achiwiri pa marathon. Izi zimapangitsa Switzerland kukhala othamanga abwino kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Mavoti a ma 5 km

Kuyang'ana zotsatira za abambo ndi amai padera, othamanga achimuna aku Spain ndi ena achangu kwambiri pamtunda wa 5 km. Komabe, pali ocheperako kuposa othamanga azimayi, chifukwa chake zotsatira za Spain pakuyimira konseku zikusowa zofunika kwambiri. Mwambiri, amuna othamanga kwambiri pamtundu wamakilomita 5 amakhala ku Ukraine (pafupifupi, amathamanga mtunda uwu mphindi 25 masekondi 8), Spain (25 mphindi 9 masekondi 9) ndi Switzerland (25 mphindi 13 masekondi).

Mavoti zizindikiro 5 Km - amuna

Amuna ochedwa kwambiri pachilangochi ndi aku Philippines (42 mphindi 15 masekondi), New Zealanders (43 mphindi 29 masekondi) ndi Thais (50 mphindi 46 masekondi).

Ponena za akazi othamanga kwambiri, ndi aku Ukraine (29 mphindi 26 masekondi), Hungary (29 mphindi 28 masekondi) ndi Austria (31 mphindi 8 masekondi). Nthawi yomweyo, azimayi aku Ukraine amathamanga 5 km mwachangu kuposa amuna ochokera kumayiko 19 pamndandanda womwe uli pamwambapa.

Mavoti zizindikiro 5 Km - akazi

Monga mukuwonera, azimayi aku Spain ndiwachiwiri othamanga kwambiri pamtunda wa 5 km. Zotsatira zofananira zikuwonetsedwa ndi New Zealand, Philippines ndi Thailand.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, mayiko ena asintha kwambiri magwiridwe awo, pomwe ena atsikira pansi pamndandanda. Pansipa pali chithunzi chosonyeza mphamvu zakumaliza zaka zopitilira 10. Malinga ndi ndondomekoyi, pomwe anthu aku Philippines adakhalabe othamanga kwambiri, asintha magwiridwe awo bwino m'zaka zaposachedwa.

Achi Irish akula kwambiri. Nthawi yawo yomaliza yatsika ndi pafupifupi 6 mphindi zonse. Mbali inayi, Spain idachedwetsa pafupifupi mphindi 5 - kuposa dziko lina lililonse.

Malizitsani kusintha kwa nthawi pazaka 10 zapitazi (makilomita 5)

Maliza nthawi ndi dziko - 10 km

Mayiko achangu kwambiri pamtunda wa 10 km

A Swiss akutsogolera kusanja kwa othamanga othamanga kwambiri pa 10 km. Pafupifupi, amathamanga mtunda mu mphindi 52 masekondi 42. Kachiwiri pali Luxembourg (53 mphindi 6 masekondi), ndipo chachitatu - Portugal (53 mphindi 43 masekondi). Kuphatikiza apo, Portugal ndi amodzi mwa atatu apamwamba pamtunda wothamanga.

Ponena za mayiko ochedwa kwambiri, Thailand ndi Vietnam adadzidziwikiranso. Ponseponse, mayiko awa ali pamwamba atatu pamtunda wa 3 pa 4.

Mavoti a zizindikiro za 10 km

Ngati titembenukira kuzizindikiro za amuna, Switzerland idali m'malo 1 (ndi mphindi 48 masekondi 23), ndi Luxembourg - wachiwiri (mphindi 49 masekondi 58). Nthawi yomweyo, malo achitatu amakhala ndi anthu aku Norwegi omwe ali ndi mphindi pafupifupi 50 sekondi imodzi.

Mavoti zizindikiro 10 Km - amuna

Mwa azimayi, azimayi achi Portuguese amapita makilomita 10 mwachangu kwambiri (mphindi 55 masekondi 40), kuwonetsa zotsatira zabwino kuposa amuna ochokera ku Vietnam, Nigeria, Thailand, Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary, Belgium, Austria ndi Serbia.

Magwiridwe mulingo wa 10 Km - akazi

Pazaka 10 zapitazi, mayiko 5 okha ndi omwe asintha zotsatira zawo pamtunda wa 10 km. Anthu aku Ukraine achita zonse zomwe angathe - lero akuthamanga makilomita 10 mphindi 12 masekondi 36 mwachangu. Nthawi yomweyo, aku Italiya adachepetsa kwambiri, ndikuwonjezera mphindi 9 ndi theka kumapeto kwakanthawi.

Malizitsani kusintha kwakanthawi mzaka 10 zapitazi (makilomita 10).

Malizitsani Nthawi ndi Dziko - Half Marathon

Mitundu yofulumira kwambiri pamtunda wa marathon

Russia ikutsogolera gawo la theka-marathon ndi zotsatira zapakati pa ola limodzi 45 mphindi 11 masekondi. Belgium ikubwera yachiwiri (1 ola 48 mphindi 1 masekondi), pomwe Spain imabwera lachitatu (1 ola 50 mphindi 20 masekondi). The half marathon ndi yotchuka kwambiri ku Europe, motero sizosadabwitsa kuti azungu akuwonetsa zotsatira zabwino patali pano.

Ponena za theka lothamanga kwambiri, amakhala ku Malaysia. Pafupifupi, othamanga ochokera kudziko lino ndi 33% pang'onopang'ono kuposa aku Russia.

Chiwerengero cha chizindikiritso cha theka marathon

Russia ili woyamba pakati pa theka la marathon pakati pa azimayi ndi abambo. Belgium imatenga malo achiwiri pamiyeso yonse iwiri.

Udindo wa Half Marathon Performance - Amuna

Amayi aku Russia amathamanga theka lothamanga kuposa amuna ochokera kumayiko 48 omwe ali pamndandanda. Zotsatira zosangalatsa.

Zotsatira za Half Marathon Udindo - Akazi

Monga momwe zilili mtunda wa 10 km, maiko 5 okha ndi omwe adakonza zotsatira zawo mu theka la marathon mzaka 10 zapitazi. Ochita masewera achi Russia akula kwambiri. Pafupifupi, amatenga mphindi 13 masekondi 45 kuchepera theka la marathon lero. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti Belgium ili m'malo achiwiri, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti theka la marathon lithe mphindi 7 ndi theka.

Pazifukwa zina, okhala m'maiko aku Scandinavia - Denmark ndi Netherlands - adachedwetsa pang'ono.Koma akupitilizabe kuwonetsa zotsatira zabwino ndipo ali pamwamba khumi.

Malizitsani kusintha kwa nthawi pazaka 10 zapitazi (half marathon)

Maliza Nthawi ndi Dziko - Marathon

Mitundu yothamanga kwambiri pa mpikisano wothamanga

Ochita masewera othamanga kwambiri ndi a Spain (3 maola 53 mphindi 59 masekondi), aku Switzerland (3 maola 55 mphindi 12 masekondi) ndi Apwitikizi (3 maola 59 mphindi 31 masekondi).

Zotsatira za masanjidwewo

Mwa amuna, othamanga othamanga kwambiri ndi a Spaniard (3 maola 49 mphindi 21 masekondi), Apwitikizi (3 maola 55 mphindi 10 masekondi) ndi anthu aku Norway (3 maola 55 mphindi 14 masekondi).

Udindo wa Marathon Performance - Amuna

Akazi atatu apamwamba kwambiri ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi amuna. Pafupifupi, zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pamtundu wa akazi zikuwonetsedwa ndi Switzerland (maola 4 mphindi 4 masekondi 31), Iceland (maola 4 mphindi 13 masekondi 51) ndi Ukraine (maola 4 mphindi 14 masekondi 10).

Amayi aku Switzerland ali ndi mphindi 9 masekondi 20 patsogolo pa omwe amawatsata kwambiri - azimayi aku Iceland. Kuphatikiza apo, amathamanga kwambiri kuposa amuna ochokera ku 63% ya mayiko ena omwe ali pamndandanda. Kuphatikiza UK, USA, Japan, South Africa, Singapore, Vietnam, Philippines, Russia, India, China ndi Mexico.

Udindo wa Marathon Performance - Akazi

Pazaka 10 zapitazi, magwiridwe antchito marathon m'maiko ambiri asokonekera. A Vietnamese adachedwetsa kwambiri - nthawi yawo yomaliza yomaliza idakwera pafupifupi ola limodzi. Nthawi yomweyo, aku Ukraine adadzionetsera okha opambana, ndikuwongolera zotsatira zawo ndi mphindi 28 ndi theka.

Ponena za mayiko omwe si a ku Europe, Japan ndiyofunika kudziwa. M'zaka zaposachedwa, aku Japan akhala akuthamanga marathon mphindi 10 mwachangu.

Malizitsani kusintha kwa nthawi pazaka 10 zapitazi (marathon)

Mphamvu zakubadwa

Othamanga sanakhalepo achikulire

Avereji ya zaka za othamanga ikupitilizabe kukula. Mu 1986, chiwerengerochi chinali zaka 35.2, ndipo mu 2018 - zaka 39.3 kale. Izi zimachitika pazifukwa zikuluzikulu ziwiri: ena mwa anthu omwe adayamba kuthamanga mu 90s akupitilizabe ntchito yawo yamasewera mpaka pano.

Kuphatikiza apo, zomwe zimapangitsa kusewera masewera zasintha, ndipo tsopano anthu sakuthamangitsa zotsatira zake. Zotsatira zake, kuthamanga kwakhala kotsika mtengo kwambiri kwa anthu azaka zapakati komanso achikulire. Nthawi yomaliza komanso kuchuluka kwa othamanga omwe amapita kukachita nawo mpikisano kudakulirakulira, anthu adayamba kuchepa pang'ono kuti adziwe zaka zazikulu (30, 40, 50 zaka).

Zaka zapakati pa 5 km othamanga zakula kuchokera 32 mpaka 40 zaka (ndi 25%), za 10 km - kuchokera 33 mpaka 39 zaka (23%), kwa theka la othamanga - kuyambira 37.5 mpaka 39 zaka (3%), komanso othamanga marathon - kuyambira zaka 38 mpaka 40 (6%).

Mphamvu zakubadwa

Kumaliza nthawi m'magulu osiyanasiyana

Monga zikuyembekezeredwa, zotsatira zocheperako zimawonetsedwa nthawi zonse ndi anthu opitilira 70 (kwa iwo nthawi yomaliza mu 2018 ndi maola 5 ndi mphindi 40). Komabe, kukhala wachichepere sikutanthauza nthawi zonse kukhala wabwinopo.

Chifukwa chake, zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zimawonetsedwa ndi gulu kuyambira azaka 30 mpaka 50 (pafupifupi nthawi yomaliza - maola 4 mphindi 24). Nthawi yomweyo, othamanga mpaka zaka 30 amawonetsa kumaliza kumapeto kwa maola 4 mphindi 32. Chizindikiro chikufanana ndi zotsatira za anthu azaka 50-60 - maola 4 mphindi 34.

Malizitsani kusintha kwa nthawi m'magulu osiyanasiyana:

Izi zikhoza kufotokozedwa ndi kusiyana kwa zochitika. Kapenanso, achichepere omwe atenga nawo mbali "amangoyesa" momwe zimakhalira kuthamanga marathon. Kapenanso amatenga nawo mbali pakampaniyo komanso chifukwa cha anzawo atsopano, ndipo sayesetsa kuti apeze zotsatira zabwino.

Kugawa zaka

M'm marathons, gawo la achinyamata omwe sanakwanitse zaka 20 likuwonjezeka (kuyambira 1.5% mpaka 7.8%), koma mbali inayo, pali othamanga ochepa kuyambira 20 mpaka 30 azaka (kuyambira 23.2% mpaka 15.4%). Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, nthawi yomweyo, chiwerengero cha omwe akutenga nawo gawo zaka 40-50 chikukula (kuchokera 24.7% mpaka 28.6%).

Kugawa zaka - marathon

Pa mtunda wamakilomita 5, pali achinyamata ochepa omwe akutenga nawo mbali, koma kuchuluka kwa othamanga opitilira 40 kukukulira mosadukiza.Choncho mtunda wamakilomita 5 ndiwabwino kwa oyamba kumene, kuchokera apa titha kunena kuti lero anthu akuyamba kuthamanga pakati paukalamba ndi ukalamba.

Popita nthawi, kuchuluka kwa othamanga osakwanitsa zaka 20 patali makilomita 5 sikunasinthe, komabe, kuchuluka kwa othamanga a zaka 20-30 kunachepa kuchoka pa 26.8% mpaka 18.7%. Palinso kuchepa kwa omwe ali nawo zaka 30-40 - kuchokera 41.6% mpaka 32.9%.

Koma, kumbali inayo, anthu azaka zopitilira 40 amawerengera opitilira theka la omwe akutenga nawo mbali m'mipikisano ya 5 km. Kuyambira 1986, mlingowo wakula kuchokera pa 26.3% mpaka 50.4%.

Kugawa zaka - 5 km

Kuthana ndi marathon ndichinthu chenicheni. M'mbuyomu, anthu nthawi zambiri ankakondwerera zaka zazikulu (30, 40, 50, 60) pochita masewera othamanga. Lero, mwambo uwu sunayambe kutha ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, pamapindikira a 2018 (onani graph pansipa), mutha kuwona nsonga zazing'ono zotsutsana ndi mibadwo "yozungulira". Koma mwambiri, mawonekedwewa amawoneka ochepera zaka 15 ndi 30 zapitazo, makamaka ngati tizimvetsera pazizindikiro zaka 30-40.

Kugawa zaka

Kugawidwa kwa zaka zogonana

Kwa azimayi, kufalitsa zaka kumasinthidwa kumanzere, ndipo zaka zapakati pa omwe akutenga nawo gawo ndi zaka 36. Mwambiri, azimayi amayamba ndikusiya kuthamanga ali achichepere. Amakhulupirira kuti izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kubadwa ndi kuleredwa kwa ana, momwe azimayi amatenga gawo lalikulu kuposa amuna.

Kugawa zaka pakati pa akazi

Nthawi zambiri amuna amathamanga ali ndi zaka 40, ndipo makamaka kufalitsa zaka kumakhala kofanana ngakhale pakati pa amuna kuposa akazi.

Kugawa zaka pakati pa amuna

Akazi akuthamanga

Kwa nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri, othamanga azimayi ambiri kuposa amuna

Kuthamanga ndi imodzi mwamasewera omwe azimayi amapezeka kwambiri. Lero kuchuluka kwa azimayi mumipikisano ya 5 km ndi pafupifupi 60%.

Pafupifupi, kuyambira 1986, kuchuluka kwa azimayi othamanga kwakula kuchokera pa 20% mpaka 50%.

Peresenti ya amayi

Nthawi zambiri, mayiko omwe ali ndi azimayi othamanga kwambiri ndi omwe ali ndi kufanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi mderalo. Izi zikuphatikiza Iceland, United States ndi Canada, omwe ali m'malo atatu apamwamba pamndandanda. Nthawi yomweyo, pazifukwa zina, azimayi sathamangira ku Italy ndi Switzerland - komanso ku India, Japan ndi North Korea.

Maiko asanu omwe ali ndi azimayi othamanga kwambiri komanso otsika kwambiri

Momwe mayiko osiyanasiyana amayendera

Mwa othamanga onse, Germany, Spain ndi Netherlands ali ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri la othamanga marathon. Achifalansa ndi aku Czech amakonda theka lothamanga kwambiri. Norway ndi Denmark ali ndi othamanga kwambiri pa 10 km mtunda, ndipo ma 5 km run ndi otchuka kwambiri ku USA, Philippines ndi South Africa.

Kugawa kwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali patali

Ngati tilingalira za kugawidwa kwa mtunda ndi makontinenti, ndiye kuti ku North America makilomita 5 amayendetsedwa nthawi zambiri, ku Asia - makilomita 10, ndi ku Europe - theka la marathons.

Kufalitsa madera ndi makontinenti

Ndi mayiko ati omwe amayendetsa kwambiri

Tiyeni tiwone kuchuluka kwa othamanga pamitundu yonse yamayiko osiyanasiyana. Chikondi cha ku Ireland choyendetsa koposa zonse - 0,5% yaanthu onse mdziko muno amatenga nawo mbali pamipikisano. Ndiye kuti, munthu aliyense waku America waku 200th amachita nawo mpikisano. Amatsatiridwa ndi UK ndi Netherlands ndi 0,2%.

Peresenti ya othamanga m'dziko lonselo (2018)

Nyengo ndi kuthamanga

Kutengera zotsatira za kafukufuku waposachedwa, titha kunena kuti kutentha kumakhudza kwambiri nthawi yomaliza. Poterepa, kutentha kokwanira kwambiri pakuyenda ndi 4-10 madigiri Celsius (kapena 40-50 Fahrenheit).

Mulingo woyenera kutentha kwa kuthamanga

Pachifukwa ichi, nyengo imakopa chidwi cha anthu komanso kuthekera kwawo kuthamanga. Chifukwa chake, othamanga ambiri amapezeka m'maiko otentha komanso ozizira, komanso m'malo otentha.

Peresenti ya othamanga m'malo osiyanasiyana

Njira zoyendera

Kuyenda kukapikisana sikunachitikepo otchuka

Anthu ochulukirachulukira akuyenda kukachita nawo mpikisanowu. M'zaka zaposachedwa, awonjezeka kwambiri kuchuluka kwa othamanga omwe amapita kumayiko ena kukachita nawo masewera.

Pakati pa othamanga, chiwerengerochi chinakwera kuchokera ku 0.2 mpaka 3.5%. Pakati pa othamanga theka la marathon - kuyambira 0.1% mpaka 1.9%. Mwa mitundu 10K - kuyambira 0.2% mpaka 1.4%. Koma pakati pa zikwi zisanu, kuchuluka kwa apaulendo kudatsika kuchokera ku 0.7% mpaka 0.2%. Mwina izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zisangalalo kumayiko akwawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kosafunikira kuyenda.

Chiŵerengero cha akunja ndi okhala komweko pakati pa omwe akutenga nawo mbali m'mipikisano

Mchitidwewu wafotokozedwa ndikuti maulendo akuyenda mosavuta. Anthu ambiri amalankhula Chingerezi (makamaka pamasewera), ndipo palinso mapulogalamu omasulira othandiza. Monga mukuwonera pa graph pansipa, pazaka 20 zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa anthu olankhula Chingerezi omwe amapita kumayiko osalankhula Chingerezi kukapikisana kwawonjezeka kuchoka pa 10.3% mpaka 28.8%.

Kutha kwa zopinga za chilankhulo

Zotsatira za omwe akupikisana nawo kwanuko ndi akunja

Pafupifupi, othamanga akunja amathamanga kwambiri kuposa othamanga am'deralo, koma mpatawu umachepa pakapita nthawi.

Mu 1988, nthawi yomaliza ya othamanga achikazi akunja inali maola 3 mphindi 56, zomwe ndi 7% mwachangu kuposa azimayi am'deralo (kwa iwo, nthawi yomaliza inali 4 maola 13 mphindi). Pofika chaka cha 2018, kusiyana uku kudachepa mpaka 2%. Lero, nthawi yomaliza yaomwe akupikisana nawo amakhala maola 4 mphindi 51, ndipo azimayi akunja - maola 4 maola 46 mphindi.

Ponena za amuna, akunja amathamangira 8% mwachangu kuposa am'deralo. Mu 1988, oyambawo adafika kumapeto kwa maola 3 mphindi 29, ndipo omalizawa anali 3 maola 45 mphindi. Masiku ano, nthawi yomalizira ndi 4 maola 21 mphindi zakomweko komanso maola 4 mphindi 11 zakunja. Kusiyanako kunachepetsedwa mpaka 4%.

Malizitsani kusintha kwakanthawi kwa amuna ndi akazi

Onaninso kuti, avareji, omwe akutenga nawo mbali m'mitundu ndi achikulire zaka 4.4 kuposa am'deralo.

Zaka za omwe akutenga nawo mbali kwanuko

Mayiko oyenda nawo omwe akutenga nawo mbali m'mafuko

Makamaka anthu amakonda kupita kumayiko akutali. Izi ndichifukwa choti m'maiko amenewa mipikisano yambiri imachitika, ndipo ndimayendedwe ambiri.

Mwayi Woyenda Kudziko Ndi Kukula

Nthawi zambiri, othamanga amayenda kuchokera kumayiko ang'onoang'ono. Mwina chifukwa choti kulibe mpikisano wokwanira mdziko lakwawo.

Mwayi woyenda ndi kukula kwa dziko

Kodi zolinga za othamanga zimasintha bwanji?

Zonsezi, pali zolinga zazikulu 4 zomwe zimalimbikitsa anthu kuthamanga.

Zolimbikitsa zamaganizidwe:

• Kusunga kapena kukonza kudzidalira
• Kufufuza tanthauzo la moyo
• Kupondereza kukhumudwa

Zolimbikitsa pagulu:

• Kulakalaka kudzimva ngati gawo la gulu kapena gulu
• Kuzindikiridwa ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi ena

Chilimbikitso chakuthupi:

• Zaumoyo
• Kuchepetsa thupi

Cholinga chokwaniritsa:

• Mpikisano
• Zolinga zanu

Kuchokera pampikisano mpaka zokumbukika zosaiwalika

Pali zizindikiro zingapo zowonekera zosintha chidwi cha othamanga:

1. Nthawi yokwanira yolowera maulendo imakwera
2. Othamanga ambiri amapita kukapikisana
3. Pali anthu ochepa omwe akuthamanga kuti adziwe gawo lakale

izo angathe akufotokozedwa ndikuti lero anthu amasamala kwambiri zolinga zamaganizidwe, osati pazokwaniritsa zamasewera.

Koma chifukwa china angathe zikunena kuti lero masewera atha kupezeka mosavuta kwa akatswiri, omwe chidwi chawo ndi chosiyana ndi cha akatswiri. Ndiye kuti, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu akwaniritse sizinasoweke kwina kulikonse, koma anthu ambiri omwe anali ndi zolinga ndi zolinga zina adayamba kuchita nawo masewerawa. Ndi chifukwa cha anthu awa kuti tikuwona kusintha kwamapeto kwamapeto, mayendedwe komanso kuchepa kwamipikisano yayikulu.

Mwina pachifukwa ichi, othamanga ambiri, potengeka ndi chidwi chakukwaniritsa, asintha kuthamanga kwambiri. Mwina othamanga ambiri masiku ano amayamikira zokumana nazo zatsopano komanso zokumana nazo kuposa kale. Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti chidwi chakukwanira chabwerera m'mbuyo. Kungoti kuchita bwino pamasewera sikungatenge gawo kwenikweni masiku ano kuposa ziwonetsero zabwino.

Wolemba kafukufuku wapachiyambi

Jens Jacob Andersen - wokonda mtunda waufupi. Zabwino zake pamakilomita 5 ndi mphindi 15 masekondi 58. Kutengera mitundu 35 miliyoni, adakhala m'modzi mwa othamanga 0.2% m'mbiri yonse.

M'mbuyomu, Jens Jakob anali ndi sitolo yogulitsira zinthu komanso anali katswiri wothamanga.

Ntchito yake imapezeka nthawi zonse mu The New York Times, Washington Post, BBC ndi zolemba zina zambiri zolemekezeka. Adawonetsanso ma podcast opitilira 30.

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zida za lipotili pokhapokha mutafufuza koyambirira. ndi ulalo wogwira ntchito kumasulira.

Onerani kanemayo: MUFAKOSE NYAU DANCERS +263 772112949 (November 2024).