Popanda mapuloteni olowera m'thupi, kufunafuna minofu yokongola komanso yamphamvu kumasandulika chopondera chopanda tanthauzo. Ndikuchepa kwa gawo lalikulu la zomangamanga, kukula kwa minofu sikungayembekezeredwe. Koma popeza thupi silimatha kupanga palokha "magawo" a amino acid malinga ndi zosowa zolimbitsa thupi, othamanga amagwiritsa ntchito masewera olimbitsa thupi. Mapuloteni a mkaka ndi mawonekedwe a mapuloteni ufa wochuluka. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za mawonekedwe ake ndi maubwino ake.
Kodi protein ya mkaka ndi chiyani
Ndikosavuta kuti wothamanga woyamba asokonezeke chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni - whey, dzira, casein ... Komanso mkaka. Koma ndizosavuta kuzizindikira. Ndikokwanira kumvetsetsa kuti ndi ntchito ziti zomwe zimathandizira.
Potengera kapangidwe kake, mapuloteni amkaka ndimapuloteni ophatikizika omwe amaphatikizapo mapuloteni a casein ndi whey. Nkhani zoyambirira za 80% ya osakaniza, kuchuluka kwa Whey ndi 20%.
Ufa amapangidwa ndi mkaka. Pakukonzekera, mafuta ndi chakudya zimachotsedwa. Zotsalira zowuma ndi zomanga thupi. Opanga amachotsa zosafunikira, sungani zofunikira. Zotsatira zake, wothamanga amalandila mapuloteni okhazikika - monga omwe amapezeka mkaka wathunthu. Ufa lili polypeptides ndi tizigawo mapuloteni:
- lactoferrin;
- lactoperoxidase;
- antioxidants;
- lacto- ndi ma immunoglobulins;
- alpha ndi beta lactose kuya, ndi zina zambiri.
Wothamanga sayenera kulowa mu biochemistry kuti apindule ndi kudya mkaka wamapuloteni. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa cholinga cha zigawo zikuluzikulu:
- casein imayambitsa nthawi yayitali amino acid kaphatikizidwe - mpaka maola 6-8;
- seramu imapatsa minofu chakudya chama protein - minofu imalandira zothandizira pomanga mkati mwa mphindi 30-50 mutalandira chowonjezera, koma zotsatira zake sizikhala motalika.
Kuphatikiza kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu, mosiyana ndi cholinga, kumathetsa vuto lovuta kwambiri. Kumbali imodzi, atatha kumwa mapuloteni, thupi la wothamanga liyenera kudzaza mwachangu omwe adatayika. Kumbali inayi, ndikofunikira kupereka minofu ndi "kuwotcha" kokha, komanso mphamvu ya "fungo".
The seramu pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo amathetsa kupanda amino zidulo. Casein imatsegulidwa pambuyo pake, kukulolani kuti musadandaule za katemera kwa maola angapo.
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Gome likuwonetsa amino acid wopangidwa ndi 100 g wowonjezera. Amino acid ofunikira amadziwika ndi asterisk.
Amino zidulo | Kuchuluka, mg |
Alanin | 3900 |
Aspartic asidi | 10800 |
Arginine | 5700 |
Asidi a Glutamic | 19300 |
Mbiri * | 2650 |
Cysteine | 1250 |
Isoleucine * | 4890 |
Glycine | 3450 |
Methionine * | 1750 |
Threonine * | 4360 |
Valine * | 5350 |
Serine | 5480 |
Mulembefm | 1280 |
Phenylalanine * | 4950 |
Tyrosine | 4250 |
Leucine * | 8410 |
Lysine * | 7900 |
Mitundu yopangira chowonjezera pamasewera
Mapuloteni amkaka amabwera m'magulu atatu osiyanasiyana:
- samalira;
- patula;
- hydrolyzate.
Kusamalitsa kumakhala kokhazikika, koma osati njira yoyera kwambiri. Zimaphatikizanso tizigawo ta amino acid ndi kuchuluka kwa lactose ndi mafuta. Uwu ndiye mtundu wotsika mtengo kwambiri wa mkaka wa ufa. Mapuloteniwa ndi 35-85%. Popeza kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni kumakhala kochuluka, mverani zidziwitso zomwe zili phukusi kapena m'malangizo ogulitsa pa intaneti.
Kudzipatula kumatsuka kwambiri - ufa uli ndi 90-95% tizigawo ta mapuloteni. Palibe lactose ndi mafuta pano, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti njirayi ikhale yoyenera potengera kusowa kwa amino acid asanaphunzire komanso ataphunzira. Kuphatikiza apo, kudzipatula ndikotsika mtengo kuposa njira yotsatira.
Hydrolyzate imapangidwa ndi hydrolysis, ukadaulo womwe umakhudza kuwonongeka kwa mamolekyulu akulu a mapuloteni kukhala tizigawo ting'onoting'ono. Zotsatira zake, thupi siligwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali komanso kugaya mapuloteni. Chosavuta cha njirayi ndi mtengo wokwera.
Kutengera mtundu wapakale / mtengo wabwino, yankho labwino kwambiri ndikodzipatula mkaka. Ndi chithandizo chake, mudzakwaniritsa bwino kuchepera kwa amino acid popanda kulemetsa bajeti yanu.
Zotsatira zake zimakhala zotani
Cholinga chachikulu cha mapuloteni amkaka ndikudzaza minofu ndi zinthu zomwe zimatsimikizira kukula kwa minofu. Ntchito ina yowonjezerayi ndikuteteza kuwonongeka kwa ulusi wa minofu (catabolism).
Momwemonso, ufa wamapuloteni umathetsa mavuto ena:
- kumawonjezera chipiriro;
- imathandizira kuchira pambuyo pa kulimbitsa thupi;
- imathandizira magwiridwe antchito;
- kumachepetsa kumverera kwa njala.
Gulu la ntchito zotheredwa ndi zowonjezerapo zamasewera sizimalola omanga thupi okha ndi ena oimira masewera olimba kuti apindule nawo. Amayi omwe akufuna kuchotsa mafuta amthupi ndikulankhula minofu yawo awonanso zotsatira zakumwa "mkaka". Ndipo si zokhazo. Kugwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni (osati ochokera mkaka kokha) kumathandizira pakhungu. Amino acid amadyetsa khungu, kulikonza likatha kuwonongeka ndikulimbikitsa kukula kwa maselo achichepere.
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Pindulani ndi kuvulaza
Kwa iwo omwe awerenga mpaka pano, maubwino ophatikizika a whey ndi casein awonekera kale. Koma ndalama iliyonse imakhala ndi mbali yachiwiri.
Potenga chowonjezera pamtengo wokwanira, simuyenera kuda nkhawa zakubwera. Yotsirizira angayambe pokhapokha ngati tsankho munthu. Mavuto amawonetsedwa m'matumbo kukwiya komanso zochitika zofananira.
Zikafika pakudya kwambiri mapuloteni, palibe 100% yotsimikizika yoyipa ya "bongo". Pali umboni wosonyeza mavuto omwe angakhalepo. Kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni kumatha kusokoneza machitidwe amthupi osiyanasiyana - mtima, mafupa, kutulutsa.
Ndipo ngakhale zowona zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi mapuloteni owonjezera m'thupi ndizotsutsana, ndibwino kuti musawaike pachiwopsezo. Tengani zowonjezera pamtengo wokwanira, ndipo zotsatirazi zikhala zabwino zokha. Kuti mukhale otetezeka, funsani dokotala woyenera musanamwe.
Momwe mungatengere mapuloteni
Mapuloteni amkaka amafunika:
- panthawi yosonkhanitsa misa;
- nthawi yoyanika;
- ndi kuchepa kwa malo osungira mafuta (oyenera osati okhawo omanga thupi).
Njira yabwino ndikutenga olekanitsa kapena ma hydrolysates 1-3 patsiku. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apadera a kuphatikiza "mapuloteni othamanga" ndi "ochedwa", mapuloteni amalimbikitsidwa kuti azimwa asanapite kapena / kapena ataphunzitsidwa, asanagone komanso pakati pa chakudya.
Atangomaliza maphunziro, seramu imagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuthekera kwake kukonzanso mwachangu zotayika zamapuloteni. Asanagone, casein imagwira ntchito - imapulumutsa minofu ku catabolism yamadzulo. Mankhwala omwewo ndi othandiza kwambiri pakakhala kuti palibe njira yodyera munthawi yake malinga ndi dongosolo lakumanga thupi.