Mapuloteni ndizofunikira kwambiri m'thupi la munthu, amatenga nawo gawo pakupanga mahomoni ndi michere, yofunikira pakukhazikitsa zochitika zambiri zamankhwala amthupi. Mamolekyulu ovuta kumangidwa ndi amino acid.
Leucine ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri mgululi. Amatanthauza ma amino acid ofunikira omwe thupi silingathe kupanga palokha, koma amalandira kuchokera kunja. Leucine amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamasewera azakudya, zamankhwala, komanso zaulimi. Makampani azakudya, amadziwika kuti zowonjezera E641 L-Leucine ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha kukoma ndi kununkhira kwa zakudya.
Kafukufuku wa sayansi ya amino acid
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, leucine anali yekhayekha ndipo kapangidwe kake kofotokozedwa ndi katswiri wamagetsi a Henri Braconneau mu 1820. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, a Hermann Emil Fischer adatha kupanga izi. Mu 2007, magazini ya Diabetes idasindikiza zotsatira za kafukufuku wasayansi wazomwe zimachitika ndi leucine. Mutha kuwona zotsatira ndi malingaliro asayansi potsatira ulalo (chidziwitsochi chimaperekedwa mchingerezi).
Kuyesaku kunachitika pa mbewa za labotale. Nyamazo zinagawika m'magulu awiri. Mu woyamba wa iwo, makoswe amalandira chakudya chokhazikika, ndipo pachakudya chachiwiri panali zakudya zowonjezera zamafuta. Mofananamo, gulu lirilonse lidagawika m'magulu ang'onoang'ono: m'modzi mwa iwo, nyamazo zimapatsidwa 55 mg ya leucine tsiku lililonse, ndipo chachiwiri, mbewa sizinalandire zowonjezera zowonjezera kuwonjezera pa chakudya chomwe akufuna.
Malinga ndi zotsatira za masabata 15, zidapezeka kuti nyama zomwe zidadyetsedwa zakudya zamafuta zidayamba kunenepa. Komabe, iwo omwe adalandira leucine yowonjezera adapeza 25% yocheperako kuposa omwe sanalandire amino acid pazakudya zawo.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuwunikaku kunawonetsa kuti nyama zomwe zimamwa leucine zimadya mpweya wambiri kuposa ena. Izi zikutanthauza kuti njira zawo zamagetsi zinali zachangu, ndipo zopatsa mphamvu zambiri zidawotchedwa. Izi zawonetsa kwa asayansi kuti amino acid amachepetsa njira yodziunjikira mafuta amthupi.
Kafukufuku wa labotale wa ulusi wa minofu ndi ma adipocyte amtundu woyera wa adipose awonetsa kuti kudya kwina kwa leucine m'thupi kumapangitsa kupanga mtundu wosakanikirana wamapuloteni womwe umapangitsa kuti mafuta aziwotcha kwambiri pama cell.
Mu 2009, asayansi ochokera ku University of Pennsylvania adabwereza kuyeserera kwa anzawo. Zotsatira za phunziroli zitha kupezeka pano (zambiri zimaperekedwanso mchingerezi). Zomwe asayansiwo adatsimikiza zidatsimikiziridwa. Zinapezekanso kuti kumwa pang'ono amino acid sikunakhudze mbewa.
Udindo wa leucine
Leucine amatenga gawo lofunikira munjira zambiri. Imagwira ntchito izi:
- imachedwetsa njira zamatenda mu minofu;
- imathandizira kupanga kaphatikizidwe ka mamolekyulu a mapuloteni, omwe amathandizira kupanga minofu;
- amachepetsa shuga;
- amapereka muyeso wa nayitrogeni ndi nitrogenous mankhwala, amene ali ofunika kwa mapuloteni ndi zimam'patsa kagayidwe;
- Imalepheretsa kaphatikizidwe kakang'ono ka serotonin, komwe kumathandiza kuchepetsa kutopa ndikufulumizitsa kuchira mutayesetsa.
Zinthu zabwinobwino za leucine m'magazi zimalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, zimalimbikitsa kuchira kwa zilonda, komanso zimathandizira kuchira kuvulala. Thupi limagwiritsa ntchito ngati gwero la mphamvu.
Kugwiritsa ntchito pamasewera
Ndikulimbitsa thupi kwambiri, thupi limafunikira zowonjezera zowonjezera zomangira ulusi waminyewa ndikutulutsa mphamvu. M'masewera, makamaka kulimbitsa mphamvu monga kumanga thupi, kupatsa mphamvu, kuwoloka, leucine ndizofala.
Ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kukhathamira kwa catabolism ndikufulumizitsa njira za anabolic. Nthawi zambiri, amino acid amatengedwa ngati mawonekedwe owonjezera pamasewera omwe ali ndi zovuta za BCAA. Lili ndi amino acid atatu ofunikira - leucine, isoleucine ndi valine.
Zakudya zowonjezerazi, kuchuluka kwa zinthuzi ndi 2: 1: 1 (motsatana, leucine, isomer ndi valine), opanga ena amakulitsa zomwe kale anali kawiri kapena kanayi.
Izi amino acid imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi othamanga pakumanga minofu komanso kuwonda. Kuphatikiza apo, leucine supplementation imakulitsa mphamvu zomwe zingafunike kuti masewera azisewera bwino.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala
Makonzedwe okhala ndi leucine amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochizira. Amapatsidwa matenda a chiwindi, dystrophy, poliomyelitis, neuritis, kuchepa magazi m'thupi, ndi matenda ena amisala.
Monga lamulo, kuyang'anira chigawo ichi kumathandizidwa ndi mankhwala okhala ndi glutamic acid ndi ma amino acid ena kuti athandize kuthandizira.
Ubwino wa leucine m'thupi ndi izi:
- kuteteza matenda a hepatocyte;
- kulimbikitsa chitetezo;
- kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kunenepa kwambiri;
- kuthandizira kukula kwa minofu;
- mathamangitsidwe kuchira pambuyo zolimbitsa thupi, kuchuluka dzuwa;
- phindu pakhungu.
Amino acid amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda am'mimba, amalembedwa atasala kudya kwakanthawi. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza odwala khansa komanso odwala chiwindi cha chiwindi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufulumizitsa kuchira kuvulala, opaleshoni, komanso mapulogalamu olimbana ndi ukalamba.
Zofunikira tsiku ndi tsiku
Kufunika kwa munthu wamkulu ndi 4-6 g wa leucine patsiku. Ochita masewera amafunikira pang'ono pamagawo awa.
- Ngati cholinga ndikumanga minofu, ndiye kuti tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mutenge 5-10 g panthawi yophunzitsira komanso mutaphunzira. Njirayi imakhala ndi leucine yokwanira m'magazi panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti mapangidwe a minofu amatha kukhazikika.
- Ngati cholinga cha wothamanga ndikuchepa thupi, kuyanika, ndiye kuti muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera zomwe zili ndi leucine 2-4 pa tsiku, pafupifupi 15 g. Chowonjezeracho chimatengedwa nthawi yophunzira komanso itatha, komanso kawiri pa tsiku pakati pa chakudya. Chiwembucho chimapangitsa kagayidwe kake ndikulimbikitsa kuwotcha mafuta. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, minofu ya minofu imasungidwa, ndipo njira zowonongera zimaponderezedwa.
Kupitilira chizolowezi kumatha kubweretsa muyeso wa leucine mthupi ndikuwononga thanzi. Ndibwino kukaonana ndi dokotala musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala kapena zowonjezera zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi amino acid. Ochita masewera amatha kudalira wophunzitsa waluso kuti apeze mlingo woyenera.
Zotsatira zakusowa ndi kuchuluka mu thupi la leucine
Leucine ndi amino acid wofunikira: chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupeza izi kuchokera kunja. Kuperewera kwake mthupi kumabweretsa kuyipa kwa nayitrogeni ndipo kumasokoneza njira zamagetsi.
Kuperewera kwa leucine kumayambitsa kukula kwa ana chifukwa chakuchepa kwa mahomoni okula. Komanso, kusowa kwa amino acid kumayambitsa chitukuko cha hypoglycemia. Kusintha kwamatenda kumayamba mu impso, chithokomiro.
Kuchulukitsa kwa leucine kungayambitsenso mavuto osiyanasiyana. Kugwiritsa ntchito amino acid mopitirira muyeso kumathandizira kukulitsa izi:
- matenda amitsempha;
- zigawo zochepa;
- mutu;
- hypoglycemia;
- chitukuko cha zoipa immunological zimachitikira;
- minofu minofu atrophy.
Zakudya Zakudya za Leucine
Thupi limangopeza amino acid kuchokera pachakudya kapena zowonjezera zowonjezera ndi mankhwala - ndikofunikira kuti muwonetsetse kuti pamakhala mankhwala okwanira.
Chimodzi mwazowonjezera za leucine
Pachifukwa ichi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito izi:
- mtedza;
- soya;
- nandolo, nyemba, mtedza;
- tchizi (cheddar, parmesan, Swiss, poshekhonsky);
- mkaka ndi mkaka wonse;
- Nkhukundembo;
- caviar wofiira;
- nsomba (hering'i, nsomba ya pinki, nyanja zam'madzi, mackerel, nsomba za pike, pike, cod, pollock);
- chiwindi cha ng'ombe ndi ng'ombe;
- nkhuku;
- nkhosa;
- mazira a nkhuku;
- dzinthu (mapira, chimanga, mpunga wabulauni);
- zitsamba;
- sikwidi;
- dzira ufa.
Leucine amapezeka m'mapuloteni omwe amaphatikizika komanso kudzipatula komwe othamanga.
Zotsutsana
Zovuta zina zobadwa nazo zobadwa nazo ndizotsutsana ndi kutenga leucine.
- Leucinosis (Matenda a Menkes) ndi matenda obadwa nawo amadzimadzi a hydrophobic amino acid (leucine, isoleucine ndi valine). Kudwala Izi wapezeka kale mu masiku oyambirira a moyo. Matendawa amafunika kusankhidwa kwa zakudya zapadera, pomwe zakudya zamapuloteni sizichotsedwa. Amalowetsedwa m'malo ndi ma protein a hydrolysates, omwe alibe BCAA amino acid complex. Chizindikiro cha leucinosis ndikumva kwamkodzo, kukumbukira fungo la shuga wowotcha kapena madzi a mapulo.
- Chithunzi chachipatala chofanana ndi matenda a Menkes chimaperekedwanso ndi matenda ena obadwa nawo - isovaleratacidemia. Ichi ndi vuto lodziwika bwino la metabolism ya leucine, momwe kulowa kwa amino acid m'thupi kuyeneranso kuchotsedwa.
Zinthu zambiri zamthupi mwathupi sizingatheke popanda leucine. Itha kupezeka kuchokera kuzakudya pamtengo wofunikira pokhapokha mutadya bwino, komabe, mwamphamvu, kumwa amino acid kumakulirakulira.
Kutenga leucine ndikofunikira kwa othamanga omwe akufuna kupititsa patsogolo minofu yolimbitsa thupi pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa njira zopangira zinthu. Kutenga amino acid kumakuthandizani kuti muchepetse thupi mukamayesetsa kusinthasintha mphamvu ya minofu.
