Glutamic (glutamic) acid ndi amodzi mwamitundu ya amino acid, yomwe imakhala gawo lalikulu la pafupifupi mapuloteni onse mthupi. Zili m'gulu la "zosangalatsa" amino acid, i.e. kulimbikitsa kufalitsa kwa zikhumbo zamitsempha kuchokera pakatikati kupita ku zotumphukira zamanjenje. M'thupi, ndende yake ndi 25% ya chiwerengero cha zinthuzi.
Amino acid kanthu
Glutamic acid ndiyofunika chifukwa chotenga nawo gawo pazomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zinthu zambiri zopindulitsa (histamine, serotonin, folic acid). Chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zowononga mphamvu, amino acid amathandizira kusokoneza amoniya ndikuchotsa m'thupi. Chifukwa chakuti ndi mbali yofunikira ya mapuloteni, imakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu zamagetsi, asidi ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa anthu omwe amachita nawo masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Ntchito yayikulu ya glutamic acid ndikufulumizitsa kufalikira kwa zikhumbo zamitsempha chifukwa cha kukondoweza kwa ma neuron. Mokwanira, imathandizira ubongo kugwira ntchito ndikufulumizitsa liwiro la malingaliro. Koma ndimatenda ake ochulukirapo, maselo amitsempha amasangalala kwambiri, zomwe zitha kuwononga ndi kufa. Ma Neuron amatetezedwa ndi neuroglia - amatha kuyamwa mamolekyu a glutamic acid osalola kuti azilowa m'malo ophatikizika. Pofuna kupewa bongo, m'pofunika kuchepetsa mlingo ndipo musalumphe.
Glutamic acid imapangitsa kuti potaziyamu azitha kulowa m'maselo a minofu, kuphatikiza ulusi wam'mimba, zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe ake. Zimayambitsa kukonzanso kwazinthu zofufuza ndikuletsa kupezeka kwa hypoxia.
Zolemba pazogulitsa
Thupi limalandira asidi wa glutamic kuchokera pachakudya. Amapezeka m'misewu yambiri, mtedza (makamaka mtedza), mu nyemba, mbewu, mkaka, nyama zosiyanasiyana, tirigu wopanda gluteni.
Thupi laling'ono, lathanzi, asidi ya glutamic yopangidwa kuchokera ku chakudya ndiyokwanira kuti igwire bwino ntchito. Koma ndi ukalamba, pamaso pa matenda osachiritsika, komanso masewera olimba, zomwe zimapezeka zimachepa ndipo thupi nthawi zambiri limafunikira zowonjezera zowonjezera.
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Zikuonetsa ntchito
Kuchita kwa glutamic acid ndikofunikira kwambiri popewa komanso kuchiza matenda osiyanasiyana amanjenje. Amapatsidwa mitundu yochepa ya khunyu, matenda amisala, kufooka kwamanjenje, matenda amisala, kukhumudwa, komanso kuthana ndi zovuta pambuyo povutika ndi meningitis ndi encephalitis. Mu Pediatrics, asidi a glutamic amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zovuta zapakhanda za ubongo, matenda a Down, kuchepa kwamaganizidwe, ndi poliomyelitis.
Ngati mukuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lobwezeretsa.
Malangizo ntchito
Akuluakulu amatenga gramu imodzi osaposa katatu patsiku. Mlingo wa ana umatengera zaka:
- Mpaka chaka - 100 mg.
- Mpaka zaka ziwiri - 150 mg.
- Zaka 3-4 - 250 mg
- Zaka 5-6 - 400 mg.
- Zaka 7-9 - 500-1000 mg.
- Zaka 10 kapena kupitirira - 1000 mg.
Asidi a Glutamic pamasewera
Asidi a Glutamic ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimapatsa thanzi masewera. Chifukwa cha izi, amino acid ambiri othandiza komanso zinthu zina zimapangidwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chifukwa chosowa mtundu wina wazinthu m'thupi, amatha kupangidwa kuchokera kwa ena, zomwe zili pakadali pano. Katunduyu amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama ndi othamanga pakakhala kuchuluka kwa katundu kwambiri, ndipo mapuloteni ochepa adalandiridwa kuchokera pachakudya. Pachifukwa ichi, asidi a glutamic amatenga nawo gawo pogawa nitrogenous ndipo amathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kokwanira pakupanga ziwalo zamkati pomanga ndikukonzanso ma cell a fiber.
Wothamanga akamapanikizika kwambiri, m'thupi mwake mumapangidwa zinthu zowopsa, kuphatikiza ammonia wowopsa kwambiri. Chifukwa chokhoza kudziphatika yokha mwa mamolekyulu a ammonia, glutamic acid imachotsa m'thupi, kupewa zovuta zake.
Amino acid imatha kuchepetsa kupanga kwa lactate, komwe kumayambitsa kupweteka kwaminyewa pakulimbikira kwambiri kwa thupi mukamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Kuphatikiza apo, glutamic acid imasandulika mosavuta kukhala glucose, yomwe imatha kukhala yoperewera kwa othamanga panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Zotsutsana
Glutamic acid sayenera kuwonjezeredwa pachakudya pamene:
- matenda a impso ndi chiwindi;
- zilonda zam'mimba;
- malungo;
- chisangalalo chachikulu;
- kusagwira ntchito;
- kukhala wonenepa kwambiri;
- matenda a ziwalo za hematopoietic.
Zotsatira zoyipa
- Kusokonezeka kwa tulo.
- Dermatitis.
- Thupi lawo siligwirizana.
- Kukhumudwa m'mimba.
- Kuchepetsa hemoglobin.
- Kuchuluka chisangalalo.
Glutamic acid ndi glutamine
Mayina azinthu ziwirizi ndi ofanana kwambiri, koma kodi ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi zovuta zake? Osati kwenikweni. Glutamic acid imapangidwa kukhala glutamine, ndiye amene amapatsa mphamvu komanso gawo lofunikira lama cell a minofu, khungu ndi minofu yolumikizana. Ngati mulibe asidi wokwanira wa glutamic m'thupi, glutamine sanapangidwe mu kuchuluka kofunikira, ndipo chomalizirachi chimayamba kupangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zina, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku mapuloteni. Izi zimabweretsa kusowa kwa mapuloteni m'maselo, zomwe zimapangitsa khungu kutha komanso kuchepa kwa minofu.
Ngati timalankhula zakusiyana kwa glutamine ndi glutamic acid, titha kuzindikira izi:
- glutamine imakhala ndi molekyulu ya nayitrogeni m'makina ake ndipo imatha kusinthanso, kukulitsa minofu, pomwe glutamic acid ilibe nayitrogeni ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbikitsa;
- asidi a glutamic amagulitsidwa m'malo ogulitsa mankhwala pokhapokha ngati mapiritsi, pomwe glutamine imatha kugulidwa mu ufa, piritsi kapena kapisozi;
- Mlingo wa glutamine umadalira kulemera kwa thupi ndipo amatengedwa pamlingo wa 0.15 g mpaka 0.25 g pa kg ya kulemera kwake, ndipo asidi wa glutamic amatengedwa 1 g patsiku;
- chandamale chachikulu cha asidi wa glutamic ndiye dongosolo lamanjenje lomwe lili ndi zida zake zonse, ndipo glutamine imathandizira osati kokha pamanjenje - imagwira ntchito yofunikira pakubwezeretsa minofu yam'mimba komanso yolumikizana, imathandizira kuwonongeka kwamafuta ndikupewa katemera.
Ngakhale pali kusiyana komwe kwatchulidwa pamwambapa, zinthu izi ndizolumikizana mosagwirizana - kutenga glutamic acid kumakulitsa kuchuluka kwa glutamine.
