Marathon 42 km - zolemba ndi zochititsa chidwi

Ma Marathoni siachilendo pakati pamasewera ambiri. Amapezeka ndi akatswiri komanso akatswiri othamanga, komanso othamanga othamanga. Kodi mtunda wa marathon udachitika bwanji ndipo mutha kuwuphimba masiku angapo motsatira?

Kodi mbiri yakutuluka kwa marathon yopitilira makilomita 42 kutalika ndi ati, ndipo zolemba zapadziko lonse lapansi za akazi ndi abambo ndizotani? Ndani ali pa othamanga 10 othamanga kwambiri pa marathon ndipo ndi ziti zosangalatsa pa mpikisano wa 42 km? Komanso maupangiri okonzekera ndikuthana ndi mpikisano wothamanga, werengani nkhaniyi.

Mbiri ya marathon ya 42 km

Marathon ndi mayendedwe a Olimpiki komanso machitidwe akumunda ndipo ndi makilomita 42, 195 metres (kapena 26 miles, 395 mayadi). Pa Masewera a Olimpiki, amuna apikisana nawo pamtunduwu kuyambira 1896, ndipo akazi kuyambira 1984.

Monga lamulo, ma marathon amachitikira mumsewu waukulu, ngakhale nthawi zina mawuwa amatanthauza mpikisano womwe umayenda mtunda wautali pamtunda wovuta, komanso m'malo ovuta (nthawi zina mtunda umatha kukhala wosiyana). Mtunda wina wothamanga kwambiri ndi theka la marathon.

Nthawi zakale

Monga nthano imanena, a Phidippides - wankhondo waku Greece - mu 490 BC, kumapeto kwa Nkhondo ya Marathon, sanathamangire ku Athens kuti akadziwitse anthu amtundu mnzake za chipambano.

Atafika ku Atene, adagwa pansi atamwalira, komabe adatha kufuula: "Kondwerani, Atene, tapambana!" Nthano iyi idafotokozedwa koyamba ndi Plutarch m'buku lake "Ulemerero wa Atene", wopitilira theka la Zakachikwi zitachitika zenizeni.

Malinga ndi mtundu wina (Herodotus akunena za iye), Phidippides anali mthenga. Adatumizidwa ndi Atene ku Spartans kuti amulimbikitse, adathamanga makilomita oposa 230 m'masiku awiri. Komabe, mpikisano wake sunapambane ...

Masiku ano

Michel Breal wochokera ku France adabwera ndi lingaliro lokonzekera mpikisano wothamanga. Iye analota kuti mtunda uwu uphatikizidwa mu pulogalamu ya Masewera a Olimpiki mu 1896 ku Athens - woyamba masiku ano. Lingaliro la Mfalansa lidasangalatsidwa ndi a Pierre de Coubertin, yemwe adayambitsa Masewera amakono a Olimpiki.

Mpikisano woyamba woyenerera udachitika ku Greece, pomwe a Harilaos Vasilakos adakhala opambana, omwe adathamanga mtunda wa maola atatu ndi mphindi khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu. Ndipo Greek Spiridon Luis adakhala ngwazi ya Olimpiki, atagonjetsa mtunda wothamanga mu maola awiri mphindi makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu zisanu ndi zitatu ndi masekondi makumi asanu. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, panjira, adayimilira kuti amwe vinyo ndi amalume ake.

Kutenga nawo gawo kwa azimayi pa mpikisano wothamanga pa Masewera a Olimpiki kunachitika koyamba ku Masewera ku Los Angeles (USA) - munali mu 1984.

Mtunda wa Marathon

Pa Masewera Oyamba a Olimpiki mu 1896, mpikisano unali wa makilomita makumi anayi (24.85 miles) kutalika. Kenako zidasintha, ndipo kuyambira 1924 idakhala makilomita 42.195 (26.22 miles) - izi zidakhazikitsidwa ndi International Amateur Athletics Federation (masiku ano IAAF).

Malangizo a Olimpiki

Chiyambire Masewera a Olimpiki amakono, marathon amuna akhala pulogalamu yomaliza yamasewera. Ochita masewera a Marathon adamaliza pa sitediyamu yayikulu ya Olimpiki, mwina kutatsala maola ochepa kuti masewera atseke, kapena nthawi yomweyo kutsekedwa.

Zolemba zapadziko lonse lapansi

Mwa amuna

Zolemba zapadziko lonse lapansi pa marathon aamuna zimachitika ndi wothamanga waku Kenya Dennis Quimetto.

Adathamanga mtunda wamakilomita 42 ndi 195 mita m'maola awiri, mphindi ziwiri ndi masekondi makumi asanu. Zinali mu 2014.

Pakati pa akazi

Mbiri yapadziko lonse pamtunda wampikisano wazimayi ndi ya wothamanga waku Britain Paul Redcliffe. Mu 2003, adathamanga marathon maola awiri ndi mphindi khumi ndi zisanu ndi masekondi makumi awiri ndi asanu.

Mu 2012, wothamanga waku Kenya a Mary Keitani adayesetsa kuphwanya izi, koma adalephera. Adathamanga mpikisano wopitilira mphindi zitatu kuposa Paula Radcliffe.

Atsogoleri 10 othamanga achimuna othamanga kwambiri

Okondedwa pano makamaka othamanga ochokera ku Kenya ndi Ethiopia.

1. Kuthamangitsidwa Kenya Dennis Quimetto... Adathamanga Berlin Marathon pa Seputembara 28, 2014 m'maola awiri 2 mphindi ndi 57 masekondi.
2. Kuthamangitsidwa Ethiopia Kenenisa Bekele. Adathamanga Berlin Marathon pa Seputembara 25, 2016 mu maola awiri 3 mphindi 3 masekondi.
3. Wothamanga waku Kenya Eliud Kipchoge adathamanga London Marathon pa Epulo 24, 2016 mu 2 maola 3 mphindi ndi 5 masekondi.
4. Wothamanga waku Kenya Emmanuel Mutai adathamanga Berlin Marathon pa Seputembara 28, 2014 m'maola awiri ndi mphindi zitatu ndi masekondi 13.
5. Wothamanga waku Kenya Wilson Kipsang adathamanga Berlin Marathon pa Seputembara 29, 2013 mu 2 maola 3 mphindi ndi 23 masekondi.
6. Wothamanga waku Kenya a Patrick Macau adathamanga Berlin Marathon pa Seputembara 25, 2011 mu maola 2 mphindi 3 ndi masekondi 38.
7. Wothamanga waku Kenya a Stanley Beevott adathamanga London Marathon pa Epulo 24, 2016 mu maola 2 mphindi 3 ndi masekondi 51.
8. Wothamanga wochokera ku Ethiopia adathamanga Berlin Marathon mu maola 2 mphindi 3 ndi masekondi 59 Seputembara 28, 2008.
9. Wothamanga waku Kenya Eliu dKipchoge adathamanga Berlin Marathon mu maola awiri, mphindi 4 Seputembara 27, 2015.
10. Atseka othamanga khumi apamwamba ochokera ku Kenya Jeffrey Mutai, amene adagonjetsa Berlin Marathon pa Seputembara 30, 2012 mu maola 2 mphindi 4 ndi masekondi 15.

Atsogoleri othamanga othamanga 10 othamanga kwambiri

1. Mu maola 2 mphindi 15 ndi masekondi 25, wothamanga waku UK Paula Radcliffe adathamanga Marathon 13, 2003 London Marathon.
2. Mu maola awiri mphindi 18 ndi masekondi 37, wothamangayo kuchokera Waku Kenya Mary Keitani adathamanga 22 April 2012 London Marathon.
3. Mu maola awiri mphindi 18 ndi masekondi 47 wothamanga waku Kenya Katrin Ndereba adathamanga pa Marichi 7, 2001 Chicago Marathon.
4. Aitiopiya mu 2 maola 18 mphindi 58 masekondi Tiki Gelana Anamaliza Rotterdam Marathon pa Epulo 15, 2012.
5. Mu maola 2 mphindi 19 masekondi 12 aku Japan Mizuki Noguchi adathamanga Seputembara 25, 2005 Berlin Marathon
6. Mu maola awiri mphindi 19 mphindikati 19, wothamanga waku Germany Irina Mikitenko adathamanga Berlin Marathon pa Seputembara 28, 2008.
7. Muma 2 maola 19 mphindi 25 masekondi Kenya Glades Cherono Adagonjetsa Berlin Marathon pa Seputembara 27, 2015.
8. Mu maola 2 mphindi 19 masekondi 31, othamanga kuchokera Ethiopia Acelefesh Mergia adathamanga Dubai Marathon pa Januware 27, 2012.
9. Wothamanga wochokera ku Kenya mu maola 2 mphindi 19 masekondi 34 Lucy Kabuu wadutsa Dubai Marathon pa Januware 27, 2012.
10. Kutenga othamanga khumi achikazi othamanga Dina Castor ochokera ku USA, yemwe adathamanga London Marathon mu 2: 19.36 pa 23 Epulo 2006.

Zosangalatsa za marathon 42 km

• Kuthetsa mtunda woyenda makilomita 42 195 mita ndiye gawo lachitatu la mpikisano wa Ironman triathlon.
• Mtunda wampikisano ukhoza kuphimbidwa pamipikisano yampikisano komanso yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
• Chifukwa chake, mu 2003, Ranulf Fiennes wochokera ku Great Britain adathamanga ma marathoni asanu ndi awiri m'makontinenti asanu ndi awiri komanso mbali zina zapadziko lapansi masiku asanu ndi awiri.

• Nzika yaku Belgian Stefaan Engels adaganiza mu 2010 kuti azithamanga marathon tsiku lililonse pachaka, koma adavulala mu Januware, kotero adayambiranso mu February.
• Pa Marichi 30, Belgian adamenya Spaniard Ricardo Abad Martinez, yemwe adathamanga marathoni 150 masiku omwewo mu 2009. Zotsatira zake, pofika mu February 2011, mchaka chimodzi, Stefan Engels wazaka 49 adamaliza marathon 365. Pafupifupi, adakhala maola anayi pa mpikisano wothamanga ndipo adawonetsa zotsatira zabwino kwamaola awiri ndi mphindi 56.

• Johnny Kelly adatenga nawo gawo pa Boston Marathon kupitilira makumi asanu ndi limodzi kuyambira 1928 mpaka 1992, ndipo chifukwa chake, adathamanga mpaka kumaliza maulendo 58 ndipo adapambana kawiri (mu 1935 ndi 1945 AD)
• Disembala 31, 2010 Nzika yaku Canada wazaka 55 a Martin Parnell adathamanga marathoni 250 mchakacho. Munthawi imeneyi, wavala nsapato zazitali 25. Nthawi zina amayeneranso kuthamanga kutentha kutsika madigiri makumi atatu.
• Malinga ndi asayansi aku Spain, mafupa a othamanga othamanga kwa nthawi yayitali muukalamba samakalamba komanso kuwonongeka, mosiyana ndi anthu ena.
• Wothamanga waku Russia a Sergei Burlakov, omwe adadulidwa miyendo ndi manja, adatenga nawo gawo mu 2003 New York Marathon. Anakhala wothamanga woyamba padziko lonse lapansi kudulidwa kanayi.
• Wothamanga wakale kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi nzika yaku India Fauja Singh. Adalowa mu Guinness Book of Records pomwe adathamanga marathon ali ndi zaka 100 mu 2011 nthawi ya 8:11:06. Tsopano wothamanga ali ndi zaka zoposa zana.
• Mlimi waku Australia Cliff Young adapambana ultramarathon mu 1961, ngakhale inali nthawi yake yoyamba. Wothamangayo adayenda makilomita 875 m'masiku asanu, maola khumi ndi asanu ndi mphindi zinayi. Anasuntha pang'onopang'ono, poyamba adatsalira kumbuyo kwambiri kwa ena, koma pamapeto pake adasiya akatswiri akatswiri othamanga. Adachita bwino pambuyo pake, kuti adasuntha osagona (iyi idakhala chizolowezi ndi iye, popeza monga mlimi adagwira ntchito masiku angapo motsatizana - kutolera nkhosa kubusa).
• Wothamanga waku Britain Steve Chock asonkhanitsa chopereka chachikulu kwambiri pamipikisano ya marathon ya $ 2 miliyoni. Izi zidachitika pa London Marathon mu Epulo 2011.
• Brianen Price wazaka 44 adachita nawo mpikisano wothamanga pasanathe chaka kuchokera pamene adachitidwa opaleshoni yomanga mtima.
• Woyendetsa wailesi yaku Sweden, Andrei Kelberg, adayenda mtunda wampikisano, akuyenda padoko la sitima ya Sotello. Zonse pamodzi, adathamanga zombo 224 pachombocho, kuthera maola anayi ndi mphindi zinayi.
• Wothamanga waku America a Margaret Hagerty adayamba kuthamanga ali ndi zaka 72. Pofika zaka 81, anali atachita nawo kale marathons m'makontinenti onse asanu ndi awiri apadziko lapansi.
• Wothamanga waku Britain Lloyd Scott adathamanga London Marathon mu 202 atavala suti yolemera yolemera makilogalamu 55. Adakhala masiku pafupifupi asanu akuchita izi, ndikulemba mbiri yothamanga kwambiri pa marathon. Mu 2011, adatenga nawo gawo pa mpikisano wothamanga, atakhala masiku 26 pa mpikisanowu.
• Wothamanga waku Ethiopia Abebe Bakila adapambana mpikisano waku Roma waku 1960. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, adayenda mtunda wonse wopanda nsapato.
• Nthawi zambiri, katswiri wothamanga amathamanga pa liwiro la 20 km / h, yomwe imathamanga kawiri kuposa kusuntha kwa mphalapala ndi ma saigas.

Miyezo yaying'ono yampikisano wothamanga

Kwa akazi

Miyezo yotulutsa mpikisano wothamanga ndi mtunda wamakilomita 42 195 mita ya akazi ndi iyi:

• Masewera apadziko lonse lapansi (MSMK) - 2: 35.00;
• Master of Sports (MS) - 2: 48.00;
• Wosankhidwa Master of Sports (CCM) - 3: 00.00;
• Gulu la 1 - 3: 12.00;
• Gulu lachiwiri - 3:30;
• Gulu lachitatu - Zak. Dist.

Kwa amuna

Miyezo yotulutsira mpikisano wothamanga ndi mtunda wamakilomita 42 195 mita yamamuna ndi iyi:

• Masewera apadziko lonse lapansi (MSMK) - 2: 13.30;
• Master of Sports (MS) - 2: 20.00;
• Wosankhidwa Master of Sports (CCM) - 2: 28.00;
• Gulu la 1 - 2: 37.00;
• Gulu lachiwiri - 2: 48.00;
• Gulu lachitatu - Zak. Dist.

Momwe mungakonzekerere marathon kuti muthe kuyiyendetsa nthawi yocheperako?

Ndondomeko ya masewera olimbitsa thupi

Chofunika kwambiri ndi maphunziro okhazikika, omwe ayenera kuyambitsidwa miyezi itatu mpikisano usanachitike.

Ngati cholinga chanu ndikuthamanga msanga maola atatu, ndiye kuti muyenera kuthamanga makilomita osachepera mazana asanu mukamaphunzira mwezi watha. Ndibwino kuti muphunzitse motere: masiku atatu ophunzitsira, tsiku limodzi lopuma.

Mavitamini ndi zakudya

Popeza mavitamini ndi ma microelements amafunika kuti mugwiritse ntchito:

• KUCHOKERA,
• MU,
• mavitamini,
• kashiamu,
• magnesium.

Muthanso kuyesa zakudya zodziwika bwino za "protein" musanachitike mpikisano, ndikusiya kudya zakudya zomwe zili ndi chakudya sabata limodzi mpikisano usanachitike. Nthawi yomweyo, kutatsala masiku atatu kuti marathon ichitike, muyenera kuchotsa zakudya zokhala ndi zomanga thupi komanso kudya zakudya zopatsa chakudya.

Zida

• Chinthu chachikulu ndikusankha nsapato zabwino komanso zopepuka, zotchedwa "marathon".
• Malo omwe mkangano ungachitike amatha kupaka mafuta odzola kapena mafuta amtundu wa ana.
• Bwino kuti musankhe zovala zabwino zopangidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa.
• Ngati mpikisano ukuchitika tsiku lotentha, chipewa chidzafunika, komanso kirimu choteteza ndi fyuluta ya 20-30.

Malangizo Mpikisano

• Khazikitsani cholinga - ndikupita momveka bwino. Mwachitsanzo, dziwani nthawi yomwe mudzakhale mukuyenda mtunda, komanso nthawi yayitali.
• Simusowa kuti muyambe mwachangu - ichi ndi chimodzi mwazolakwika zomwe aliyense wa newbies amapanga. Bwino kugawa mphamvu zanu mofanana.
• Kumbukirani: kufikira kumapeto ndi cholinga choyenera kwa oyamba kumene.
• Pa mpikisano wokha, muyenera kumwa - kaya madzi oyera kapena zakumwa zamphamvu.
• Zipatso zosiyanasiyana monga maapulo, nthochi kapena zipatso za citrus, komanso zipatso zouma ndi mtedza zidzakuthandizani kulimbitsa mphamvu zanu. Ndiponso, mipiringidzo yamagetsi ndi yothandiza.

Onerani kanemayo: 10K WORLD RECORD: JOSHUA CHEPTEGEI 26:11 FULL RACE (Mulole 2025).