Zolemba za Marathon world

Mtunda wopambana wa marathon uli ndi kutalika kwenikweni kwa 42 km 195 m, ichi ndichimake chodabwitsa kwambiri, pomwe othamanga ambiri othamanga padziko lonse lapansi adakwera kale.

Kuti munthu akhale wothamanga pa mpikisano wothamanga amafunika zaka zambiri ndikukonzekera mwanzeru, mpikisano wothamangitsidwayo udakhazikitsidwa mu 1896, pokhapokha amuna okha ndi omwe adatenga nawo gawo.

Kufotokozera kwa marathon ya 42 km

Marathon a 42 km 195 m amadziwika bwino ndi nzika zonse zapadziko lapansi, maluso apadera othamanga adayambiranso mu 1896 kwa amuna ndipo mu 1984 kwa akazi, ndiko kuti, zaka zana pambuyo pake. Mpikisano wothamanga mwachidule ndimtunda wautali, wautali, womwe umaphatikizapo kuthamanga kwambiri kapena m'malo ovuta.

Chiyambi cha mpikisano wobwerera ku Greece wakale, pomwe wankhondo wachi Greek adatha kubweretsa nkhani zakupambana kwa Agiriki kwa anzawo, kenako adathamanga 34.5 km kupita ku Athens. Ndipo wankhondo uyu adathawa pamalo a Marathon, pomwe nkhondoyo idachitikira.

Masewera a Olimpiki odziwika kwambiri komanso oyamba adachitika mu 1896 ku Athens, komwe wopambana woyamba anali Mgiriki yemwe adawonetsa zotsatira zabwino kwambiri, ngakhale adagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ngati vinyo, zomwe zidathetsa ludzu lake.

Kukonzekera marathon ndi chiyani?

Kuti muthamange marathon ovuta komanso akulu amafunika kukonzekera bwino komanso kwakutali malinga ndi pulaniyo, komanso onetsetsani kuti mukuchita masewera othamanga a 1 km, 3 km, 5 km, komanso 10 km, ndi zina zotero malinga ndi ndandanda. Zikhala zotheka kuyendetsa paki komanso bwalo lamasewera, palibe maphunziro ovuta omwe amafunikira, zochitika izi ziyenera kukhala zosangalatsa komanso zosangalatsa.

Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana aukadaulo, itha kukhala metronome yamtundu wa nyimbo yomwe imayikidwa mu smartphone. Ndikulimbikitsanso kukhala ndi hydrometer komanso pulogalamu yoyang'anira kugunda kwa mtima yomwe ingakuuzeni nthawi yoyimira ndikumwa madzi, komanso kupumula pang'ono panjira, ngati muthamanga makilomita 50-60 masiku asanu ndi awiri, ndiye kuti sipangakhale zovuta mu marathon a 42 km.

Mbiri yazakale zadziko

Kwa akazi, Olimpiki

1. XXIII Olympiad - 1984 Los Angeles, Joan Benoit malo oyamba 2:24:52 USA
2. XXIV Olympiad - 1988, Seoul, Rosa Maria mota Correia DOS Santos, 2:25:40, Portugal
3. XXV Olympiad - 1992 Barcelona, ​​Valentina Egorova, CIS, 2:32:41
4. XXVI Olympiad - 1996, Atlanta, Fatuma Roba, Ethiopia, 2:26:05
5. XXVII Olympiad - 2000, Sydney, Takahashi, Japan, 2:23:14
6. XXVIII Olympiad - 2004, Atene, Mizuki, Japan, 2:26:20
7. XXIX Olympiad - 2008, Beijing, Constantin Tomescu, Romania, 2:26:44
8. XXX Olympiad - 2012, London, Tiki Gelana, Ethiopia, 2:23:07
9. XXXI Olympiad - 2016, Rio de Janeiro, Kipchoge, Kenya, 2:08:44

Mwa amuna, Olimpiki

1. Ine Olympiad April 6-15, 1896, Athens, Spiridon Louis, Greece, 2:58
2. II Olimpiki 1900, Paris, Michel Johann Theato, Luxembourg, 2:59:45
3. III Olimpiki 1904, St. Louis, Thomas J. Hicks, USA, 3:28:53
4. IV Olympiad 1908, London, Joe Joseph Heys, USA, 2:55:19
5. V Olimpiki 1912, Stockholm Mcarthur, 2:36:54
6. VII Olympiad (1920, Antwerp, Hannes Kolehvfinen, Finland, 2:32:35
7. VIII Olympiad (1924, Paris, Albin Oskar Stenrus, Finland, 2:41:23)
8. IX Olympiad (1928, Amsterdam, Mohamed Bougera Ouafi, France, 2:29:01
9. X Olympiad (1932, Los Angeles, Juan Carlos Zabala, Argentina, 2:31:36)
10. XI Olympiad (1936, Berlin, Kitay mwana, Japan, 2:29:19
11. XIII Olympiad (1948, London, Delfo Carbero, Argentina, 2:34:52
12. XV Olympiad (1952, Helsinki, Emil Zatopek, Czechoslovakia, 2:23:03
13. XVI Olympiad (1956, Melbourne), Alena Ohara Mimone, France, 2:26:00
14. XVII Olympiad (1960, Roma), Abeb Bikila, Ethiopia, 2:15:16
15. XVIII Olympiad (1964, Tokyo), Abebe Bikila, Ethiopia, 2:12:11
16. XIX Olympiad (1968, Mexico City), Mamo Wolde, Ethiopia, 2:20:26
17. XX Olimpiki (1972, Munich), Frank Shorter, USA, 2:12:19
18. XXI Olympiad (1976, Montreal), Waldemar Kerpinski, East Germany, 2:09:55
19. XXII Olympiad (1980, Moscow), Waldemar Kempinski, GDR, 2:11:03
20. XXIII Olympiad (1984, Los Angeles), Carlos Alberpto Lopez Sousa, Potrugalia, 2:09:21
21. XXIV Olympiad (1984, Seoul), Gelindo Bordin, Italy, 2:10:32
22. XXV Olympiad (1992, Barcelona), Young-cho Hwang, Korea, 2:13:23
23. XXVI Olympiad (1996, Atlanta), Josiah Chugwane, Africa, 2:12:36
24. XXVII Olympiad - 2000, Sydney, G. Abera, Ethiopia, 2:10:11
25. XXVIII Olympiad - 2004, Athens, St. Baldini, 2:10
26. XXIX Olympiad - 2008, Beijing, Samuel Kamu Wansiru, Kenya, 2:06:32
27. XXX Olympiad - 2012, London, Steven Kiprogich, Uganda, 2:08:01
28. XXXI Olympiad - 2016, Rio de Janeiro, Eliud Kipchogi, Kenya, 2:08:44

Zolemba zapadziko lonse mu marathon azimayi

Lero, mbiri yapadziko lonse lapansi pa marathon ya 42 km ndi ya wothamanga waku Britain Radcliffe, yemwe adayenda mtunda wamaola awiri mu mphindi 15. Zolemba zoterezi zidapangidwa ndi J. Radcliffe pofika 2003 mu Epulo, ndipamene chochitika chapaderachi chidachitika, chomwe chidadziwika kwambiri masiku ano, chinali mbiri yapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo sakanatha kuchimenya.

Radcliffe adachita nawo mpikisano ku Britain Marathon, komwe adamaliza ndi magwiridwe odabwitsa, kudabwitsa anthu ku London ndi mtundu wake. Jane adakwanitsa kuchita izi ali ndi zaka pafupifupi makumi atatu, ndipo zisanachitike, mu 2012, adalemba mbiri kamodzi, 1 ku London ndi 2-1 ku Chicago. Lero wothamanga uyu amachita bwino kwambiri maulendo ataliatali, komanso pamisewu yayikulu yothamanga komanso mayendedwe osiyanasiyana ovuta.

Za wothamanga

Jane adabadwira ku Cheshire ku Davenham, kuyambira ali mwana anali mwana wamba wofooka yemwe adadwala mphumu, ndipo adayamba kusewera mothandizidwa ndi kuyang'aniridwa ndi abambo ake, othamanga odziwika panthawiyo. Kupambana kwake koyamba kudabwera mu 1992, pomwe adakhala katswiri, kenako mu 1997 adapambanabe siliva pampikisano waukulu wapadziko lonse lapansi.

Kenako mu 1998 ndi 2003 anali wopambana pamitunda yaku Europe, kuphatikiza apo, adatenga nawo gawo pa Masewera a Olimpiki kuyambira 1996, ngakhale anali asanakwereko malo opitilira 4, ndipo mu 2002, 2003 ndi 2005 adakhala woyamba kutchuka pa marathons. America ndi London.

Adalemba mbiri yake yapadziko lonse lapansi mu 2003 ndi London Great Marathon, yomwe adachita 2:15:25. Lero amakhala ku Monaco, adakwatiwa ndi Radcliffe kuyambira 2001, ali ndi mwana wamkazi, Isla, yemwe adabadwa mu 2007, ndipo mu 2010 mwana wina wamwamuna, Raphael, adawonekera, lero Radcliffe adapuma pantchito kale.

Unali bwanji mpikisano

Chochitika chapadera m'moyo wa Jane Radcliffe chidachitika mu 2003 pa Epulo 13, pomwe adapikisana nawo pa marathon azimayi ndipo adamaliza pamaso pa omvera achidwi aku Britain, ndikupanga mbiri yapadera. Mpikisano wothamangawu waku London umachitika chaka chilichonse ku Britain ndipo ndi umodzi mwamipingo isanu ndi umodzi yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Njira yothamanga inali yothamanga kwambiri, yabwino komanso yosalala, njirayo imayambira ku London kuchokera kum'mawa kupita ku Blackheath, kenako kudzera ku Woolwich ndi Charlton kulowera chakumadzulo kupita ku Greenwich ndikudutsa Thames kupita ku Buckingham Palace. Jane Radcliffe adapanga mbiri yapadera yomwe sinamenyedwebe pazaka zonse zampikisano.

Mbiri yapadziko lonse lapansi pa marathon amuna

Mbiri yapadziko lonse lapansi yothamanga pakati pa amuna masiku ano ndi ya wothamanga Dennis Kimetto wochokera ku Kenya, yemwe adayenda mtunda wamakilomita 42 m'maola awiri ndi mphindi ziwiri, mu 2014.

Unali Great Marathon Wamkulu, pomwe Mkenya adaswa mbiri yakale yopangidwa ndi Wilson Kipsang chaka chatha, mu 2014 panali opitilira 40,000. Pakati pa mtundawu, Quimetto adagwiritsitsa atsogoleri asanu ndi awiri, pambuyo pake adathamangira koyamba kenako kuwapeza, ndipo adadziwa kale zomwe dziko lapansi lipange kumapeto kwa mtunda womwewo.

Za wothamanga

Dennis Quimetto adapanga chochitika chapadera kwambiri, popeza bambo adathamanga mpikisano waukulu wovuta koyamba kwa maola awiri ndi mphindi ziwiri.

Ndi izi, othamanga ku Kenya adalemba dzina lake m'mbiri yamasewera m'makalata agolide, zomwe zinali zopambana padziko lonse lapansi. Apa Quimetto nthawi yomweyo adathamanga ndipo zinawonekera kwa aliyense kuti mbiri yakale yapadziko lapansi idzawopsezedwa motsimikiza.

Marathon iyi inali yachinayi kale ku Kenya, yomwe adakwanitsa kupambana onse atatu. Dennis anali ndi chidaliro kuti ku Berlin 2014 adzaphwanya mbiri yakale yopangidwa ndi mnzake waku Wilson ndipo amathamanga kwambiri kuposa 2:03:00. Adanenanso momveka bwino kuti ngati nyengo ku Berlin ili yabwino, ndiye kuti mbiri yake ndi yake, Dennis Quimetto adanena izi kale.

Kodi marathon inali bwanji?

Mpikisano wa Berlin Marathon nthawi zambiri umachitika mu Seputembala ku likulu ndipo ndiwachiwiri kwachiwiri padziko lapansi; pano othamanga opitilira 40,000 ochokera kumayiko 120 padziko lonse lapansi amatenga nawo gawo pano. Kutali apa kunali kwachikhalidwe, ndipo chiyambi chokha chimapita ku likulu la Germany, mtunda wa njirayi panali oposa mafani miliyoni ndi magulu oimba.

Tchuthi chokongolachi chinali ndi kalembedwe kodabwitsa, poyamba panali atsogoleri asanu ndi awiri, ngakhale pofika makilomita 30 panali atatsala atatu okha. Apa Quimetto amapitilizabe kuthamanga momveka bwino komanso molimba mtima ndipo adadutsa pafupifupi mulingo wofanana ndi Mutai, ndipo ali kale pa 38 kilomita adakhala woyamba ndikupeza othamanga onse othamanga.

Mtunda wonse wamtunda wa makilomita 42 ndi 195 m ndi chiyambi chapadera, pomwe ambiri amafuna kukwera kamodzi m'miyoyo yawo. Kuti mutenge nawo mbali pa mpikisano wothamanga pamafunika kufikira nthawi ino mozindikira, ndikukonzekera bwino bizinesi iyi, wothamanga wa marathon ayenera kudziwa bwino kuthamanga.

Wophunzira aliyense otere ayenera kuvomerezedwa ndi dokotala, ngakhale zoletsa zaka sizili paliponse, ndiye kuti, mutha kukhala othamanga othamanga ngakhale mutakalamba.

Onerani kanemayo: The 2020 LONDON MARATHON. Eliud Kipchoge VS. The World (November 2024).