Kuthamangitsanso: njira yakupha ndi malamulo othamangitsirana

Njira yothamangitsirana ndiyotengera ntchito yolumikizidwa bwino yamagulu, mamembala onse omwe akuyenera kuyenda mofananira. Mpikisano wobwezeretsanso ndiye njira yokhayo yomwe Olimpiki iyenera kuchitidwa ndi gulu. Zikuwoneka zokongola kwambiri ndipo, mwachikhalidwe, nthawi zambiri zimamaliza mpikisano.

Makhalidwe a malangizowo

M'nkhaniyi tiona zomwe zili pamtundu wothamangitsana, mitundu yake, mtunda, komanso tiona mwatsatanetsatane njirayi.

Chifukwa chake, kamodzinso timagogomezera gawo lalikulu la njira yothamangitsirana - zotsatira zake sizotheka ndi aliyense payekha, koma ndi kuyenera kwa timu. Nthawi zambiri, othamanga othamanga kwambiri amasankhidwa pamalangizo awa, omwe amadziwa bwino mtunda wothamanga. M'malo mwake, njira yochitira mpikisano wothamangitsana ndiyofanana ndendende ndi kuthamanga kwakanthawi.

Mukuyenda, othamanga amathanso kudutsa magawo 4 - kuyamba, kuthamangitsa, mtunda waukulu ndikumaliza. Gawo lomaliza la othamanga atatu oyamba limasinthidwa ndikusamutsa ndodo (komwe kuli njira yake), ndipo kumaliza komwe kumachitika ndi omwe akutenga nawo mbali ali ndi mikhalidwe yothamanga kwambiri.

M'mawu osavuta, mpikisano wobwereza ndi kusamutsa ndodo kuchokera pa othamanga woyamba kupita wachiwiri, kuyambira wachiwiri kupita wachitatu, kuyambira wachitatu mpaka wachinayi. Mpikisano wamtunduwu udachitika koyamba kumapeto kwa zaka za 19th, ndipo kuyambira koyambirira kwa 20th udaphatikizidwa mwalamulo mu pulogalamu ya Olimpiki.

Mpikisano wothamanga kwambiri ndi 4 * 100 m, pomwe wothamanga aliyense amatenga gawo lake lamasekondi 12-18, ndipo nthawi yathunthu yamagulu sikadutsa mphindi imodzi ndi theka. Kodi mungaganizire kukula kwa zokonda zomwe zikuchitika panthawiyi?

Onse othamanga amaphunzitsa ngati gulu. Amaphunzira momwe angadutsire bwino ndodoyo akamathamanga, momwe angapangire liwiro lamphamvu, mathamangitsidwe, ndi kuphunzitsa kumaliza.

Ngati mukufuna kudziwa kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amatenga nawo mbali mu timu, tikugogomezera kuti pamipikisano ya akatswiri kungakhale ochuluka momwe mungafunire. M'masewera ovomerezeka, nthawi zonse pamakhala kuthamanga anayi.

Tiyeni tiyankhule padera za kolowera mu mpikisano wothamanga - iyi ndi njira yodzipereka yomwe othamanga saloledwa kutuluka. Komabe, ngati othamanga akuthamanga mozungulira (mtunda wa 4 * 400 m), ndiye kuti amatha kumanganso. Ndiye kuti, gulu lomwe limagwira koyamba ndodoyo lili ndi ufulu wolowera kumanzere (kumayendedwe ochepa amapatsa mwayi pang'ono).

Kutali

Tiyeni tiwunikenso mtundu wamtundu wothamanga pamasewera, tiyeni titchule mtunda wotchuka kwambiri.

IAAF (International Athletics Federation) imasiyanitsa maulendo awa:

• 4 * 100 m;
• 4 * 400 m;
• 4 * 200 m;
• 4 * 800 m;
• 4 * 1500 m.

Mitundu iwiri yoyambirira ya mpikisano wobwereza imaphatikizidwa mu pulogalamu ya Masewera a Olimpiki, ndipo womaliza umachitika mwa amuna okha.

Palinso mtunda wosazolowereka:

• Ndi magawo osalingana (100-200-400-800 m kapena mosemphanitsa). Njira imeneyi imatchedwanso Swedish;
• 4 * 60 m;
• 4 * 110 m (ndi zotchinga);
• Ekiden - mtunda wa marathon (42,195 m), womwe umayendetsedwa ndi anthu 6 (aliyense amafunika kuthamanga pang'ono kuposa 7 km);
• Ndi zina zambiri.

Njira yakupha

Tiyeni tiwone njira yoyendetsera kulandirana, mawonekedwe ake ndi mawonekedwe ake ndi ati.

1. Ochita masewerawa amakhala m'malo onse kutalika kwa mtunda nthawi zonse;
2. Malinga ndi maluso, woyamba kutenga nawo mbali amayamba kuyambira poyambira (ndi zotchinga), wotsatira - kuchokera kumtunda wapamwamba;
3. Zotsatirazo zalembedwa wotsatira wachinayi atadutsa mzere womaliza;
4. Njira yololeza baton mu mpikisano wothamangitsana imafunikira kugwira ntchitoyo mdera la 20 mita.

Magawo a mpikisano wobwereza ndi ofanana kwa aliyense yemwe akutenga nawo mbali:

• Pambuyo poyambira, wothamangayo amathamanga kwambiri ndi ndodo m'manja. Kuthamangira kumachitika kwenikweni m'masitepe atatu oyamba. Nthawi yomweyo, thupi limapendekera pang'ono panjirayo, manja amalimbikira kuthupi, amakhala olumikizidwa m'zigongono. Mutu watsitsidwa, mawonekedwe akuyang'ana pansi. Ndi mapazi anu muyenera kukankhira kutali ndi njirayo, muyenera kuthamanga makamaka kumapazi anu.
• Muyenera kuthamanga mozungulira, kotero othamanga onse amaponderezedwa kumanzere kwamanzere kwa njira yawo (sikukuletsedwa kupondapo);
• Tiyeni tiwone momwe tingapititsire ndodo moyenera tikamathamanga komanso tanthauzo la "20 mita zone". Makilomita 20 akangotsala kwa omwe akutenga gawo lachiwiri, omalizirayo amayamba kuyambira kwambiri ndikuyamba kuthamangitsa. Pakadali pano, woyamba amasonkhanitsa magulu ankhondo ndikuyamba kuthamanga kwambiri, ndikuchepetsa mtunda.
• Pakangokhala mamitala angapo pakati pa othamanga, woyamba amafuula "OP" ndikutambasula dzanja lake lamanja ndi ndodo. Malinga ndi malusowa, wachiwiri amatenga dzanja lamanzere kubwerera, ndikutambasula dzanja, ndikulandira ndodo;
• Kuphatikiza apo, yoyamba imayamba kuyenda pang'onopang'ono, ndipo yachiwiri ikupitiliza ndodoyo;
• Wothamanga womaliza ayenera kumaliza ndi ndodo m'manja. Njirayi imakulolani kuti mumalize mtunda poyendetsa mzere, kugwedeza chifuwa patsogolo, ndikuigwedeza cham'mbali.

Chifukwa chake, poyankha funsoli, malo othamangitsira mpikisano wothamangitsana ndi uti, tikutsindika kuti awa ndi malo osamutsira baton.

Malamulo

Wophunzira aliyense patali ayenera kudziwa malamulo ochitira masewera othamanga. Ngakhale kuphwanya pang'ono pokha kungapangitse kuti timu yonse isavomerezedwe.

1. Kutalika kwa ndodo ndi 30 cm (+/- 2 cm), kutalika kwa masentimita 13, kulemera kwake pakati pa 50-150 g;
2. Itha kukhala pulasitiki, yamatabwa, yachitsulo, kapangidwe kake ndi kolowera mkati;
3. Kawirikawiri ndodo imakhala yonyezimira (yachikaso, yofiira);
4. Kusamutsaku kumachitika kuchokera kumanja kumanzere ndi mosemphanitsa;
5. Ndizoletsedwa kutumiza kunja kwa dera la 20 mita;
6. Malinga ndi maluso ake, kuwerengetsa kumadutsa kuchokera m'manja kupita kwina, sikungaponyedwe kapena kukulungidwa;
7. Malinga ndi malamulo othamanga ndi ndodo yolandirana, ikagwa, imakwezedwa ndi omwe akutenga nawo mbali pakulandirana;
8. Wothamanga m'modzi amathamanga gawo limodzi;
9. Pa mtunda wopitilira 400 m pambuyo pa mwendo woyamba, amaloledwa kuyendetsa njanji iliyonse (yaulere pakadali pano). Pampikisano wothamangitsana 4 x 100 metres, mamembala onse a timu saloledwa kuchoka pamsewu woyenda.

Zolakwa zomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi

Kupititsa patsogolo njira yothamangitsana ndikosatheka osasanthula zolakwazo, pomwe othamanga ayenera kudziwa bwino omwe ali ambiri:

• Kupatsira ndodo kunja kwa khonde pa mita 20. Wothamanga wotsatira akuyenera kutuluka ndi zida m'manja. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kulumikizana kwa kayendedwe ka onse omwe akutenga nawo mbali ndikofunikira. Wothamanga wachiwiri ayenera kuwerengera molondola nthawi ndi kuyamba kuti wothamanga woyamba akhale ndi nthawi yoti am'peze ndikusintha panthawi yothamanga. Ndipo zonsezi zili mumtunda wa mamita 20.
• Ndizoletsedwa kusokoneza ena omwe akuchita nawo mpikisano. Ngati pochita izi gulu linalo lidataya wand, sikudzalangidwa chifukwa cha izi, mosiyana ndi omwe adalakwa;
• Chidacho chiyenera kufalikira mwachangu yunifolomu, ndipo izi zimatheka kudzera m'mabowola angapo am'magulu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti othamanga onse apititse patsogolo njira yawo yolumikizirana.

Koyamba, malangizowo samawoneka ovuta. M'malo mwake, pali zovuta zambiri pano, zomwe ndizovuta kumvetsetsa kwamphindi zochepa kuti mpikisanowu umatha. Osewera othamanga okha ndi omwe amadziwa phindu lenileni la kuyesayesa kwawo. Omvera atha kungodzipereka ndikudandaula za omwe akuthamanga m'bwalomo. Mkhalidwe waukulu womwe umatsimikizira kupambana kwa gulu ndi, modabwitsa, osati njira yabwino, kuthamanga kwambiri kapena kupirira kwachitsulo, koma mgwirizano ndi mzimu wamphamvu wamagulu.