Kuvulala kwamasewera
1K 0 03/22/2019 (kukonzanso komaliza: 07/01/2019)
Kung'ambika kwa meniscus ya mawondo ndikuphwanya kukhulupirika kwa karoti yapaderadera mkati mwa cholowa cha dzina lomweli, lomwe limakhala ngati pedi komanso chosokoneza bongo.
Zina zambiri
Menisci ndimatumba omwe amapezeka mkati mwa bondo, pakati pazithunzi za femur ndi tibia. Amapangidwa makamaka ndi ulusi wa collagen wapadera. Peresenti:
- kolajeni - 65 ± 5%;
- mapuloteni owonjezera amitundu - 10 ± 3%;
- elastin - 0,6 ± 0.05%.
Mkati monse mwa mapangidwe a cartilage pali malo ofiira - dera lokhala ndi mitsempha yamagazi.
Gawani meniscus yakunja ndi yamkati. Iliyonse imagawika thupi, nyanga zakutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Amakhala ngati oyamwa mwachilengedwe, amagawa katundu wambiri komanso kupsinjika kwakanthawi ndikulimbitsa olowa pakusinthasintha. Kuvulala kwa Meniscus ndi matenda omwe anthu ambiri azaka zapakati pa 17-42 omwe amagwira ntchito molimbika. Mafupa amanzere kumanja ndi kumanja awonongeka nthawi yomweyo. Kuphulika kwa meniscus yamkati kumachitika kawiri konse kuposa kotsatira. Kusintha kwa menisci onse ndikosowa kwambiri. Amuna amavulala nthawi zambiri kuposa akazi. Chithandizo chimakhala chosasamala kapena chothandiza.
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Etiology
Zomwe zimayambitsa kuvulala zimachitika chifukwa chokhala ndi nkhawa pamakina. Itha kukhala limodzi ndi kutambasula kwa ligamentary kapena kung'ambika. Nthawi zambiri amakhala:
- Zomwe zimaphatikizidwa, zomwe zimasinthasintha kwambiri mwendo wapansi:
- mkati - kumabweretsa kusintha kwa meniscus yakunja;
- kunja - kuphulika kwa kapangidwe kakang'ono ka cartilage.
- Kutambasula kwambiri kapena kuwonjezera kwa olowa, kapena kubedwa mwadzidzidzi kapena kubweza.
- Kuthamangira pamalo osagwirizana ndi thupi lolemera kwambiri.
- Kuvulala kwachindunji - kugwa ndi bondo pa sitepe.
Kuvulala pafupipafupi kumayambitsa kukula kwa kutupa kosatha komanso njira zothetsera minofu ya cartilage, yomwe imawonjezera chiopsezo chobwezerezedwanso.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa karoti, zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wowonongeka kowopsa, zimaphatikizaponso:
- matenda opatsirana - rheumatism, brucellosis;
- microtrauma obwerezabwereza m'masewera a mpira, osewera basketball, osewera hockey;
- kuledzera ndi benzene, formaldehyde, vinyl chloride;
- kagayidwe kachakudya matenda - gout;
- kusokonekera kwa dongosolo la endocrine (kusalinganika kwa STH, estrogen ndi corticosteroids);
- Matenda obadwa nawo (hypoplasia of cartilage minofu, menisci, zotengera zamagulu am'maondo;
Pambuyo pazaka 40, njira zowonongera ndizomwe zimayambitsa matendawa (menisci amataya mphamvu ndikukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu).
Poganizira pamwambapa, olemba angapo amagawa misozi ya meniscus kukhala:
- zoopsa;
- osachiritsika (owonekera pochita mayendedwe mwachizolowezi kapena katundu wochepa, chithunzi chachipatala chafufutidwa).
Magawo azosintha ndi madigiri awo
Zowonongeka ndizokwanira kapena pang'ono, kapena osasunthika, mthupi, kapena munthawi yam'mbuyo kapena yapambuyo. Popeza mawonekedwe, zopumira zimagawika:
- kotenga nthawi;
- yopingasa;
- zozungulira;
- monga "kuthirira kumatha kuthana";
- patchwork;
- patchwork yopingasa.
Msonkhano, malinga ndi chidziwitso cha MRI, magawo anayi akusintha amadziwika:
Mphamvu | Makhalidwe a meniscus kuwonongeka |
0 | Palibe zosintha. |
1 | Mkati mwa cholumikizira chophatikizira pali misozi ya minofu yamafupa, yomwe siyimakhudza chipolopolo chakunja ndipo imatsimikizika pa MRI. Palibe zodwala. |
2 | Kusintha kwamapangidwe kumafikira mkati mwa meniscus osakhudza chipolopolo chakunja. |
3 | Kuphulika kwathunthu kapena pang'ono kwa chipolopolo chakunja kumatsimikizika. Kutupa motsutsana ndi matenda opweteka kwambiri kumakupatsani mwayi wodziwa. |
Zizindikiro
Zizindikiro za kudwala zimasiyana malinga ndi nthawi yake, komanso kukula kwa kuwonongeka.
Nthawi yovulala | Chithunzi chachipatala |
Pachimake | Zizindikiro zosadziwika za kutupa zimafala (kutchulidwa edema; kupweteka kwam'deralo ndikuchepetsa kuyenda, makamaka kutambasuka). Hemarthrosis n`zotheka (ndi zoopsa m'dera wofiira). |
Subacute | Zimayamba masabata 2-3 pambuyo povulala. Kukula kwa kutupa kumachepa. Zowawa zakomweko, kuphatikiza kwa kapisozi ndikulephera kuyenda kumafalikira. Ndikusintha kwa meniscus yamankhwala, kupindika kumakhala kovuta nthawi zambiri, kulumikizana - kukulitsa. Chiwonetsero cha ululu chimachitika munthawi zina, mwachitsanzo, mukakwera masitepe (panthawi yakubadwa, mwina sangakhalepo). Chifukwa chokhala ndi chidutswa cha meniscus, kuphatikizana ndikotheka. Nthawi zambiri, kutuluka kwa nyanga yam'mbuyo kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa thupi, ndipo thupi ndi nyanga yakutsogolo zimakulitsa. |
Matenda | Kupweteka kosalekeza komanso kuchepa kwa mayendedwe ndizofanana. |
Ndi katswiri uti yemwe angalumikizane naye
Muyenera kukaonana ndi dotolo kapena wopanga mafupa.
Kuzindikira
Matendawa amapangidwa pamaziko a anamnesis (chowonadi chovulala), zidziwitso zakuyesa (ndimayeso a opaleshoni), madandaulo a wodwala komanso zotsatira za njira zofufuzira.
Mutha kutsimikizira matendawa ndi:
- X-ray, yolola kuzindikira kuwonongeka (kafukufukuyu akhoza kuchitidwa mosiyana); phindu la phunziroli kupatula kuthekera kwa mafupa;
- MRI, yomwe imadziwika molondola kwambiri poyerekeza ndi radiography;
- CT, yopanda chidziwitso kuposa MRI, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ndizosatheka kuchita izi;
- Ultrasound, yomwe imathandiza kuzindikira ndi kuyesa kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zogwirizana;
- arthroscopy, kupereka mwayi:
- yerekezerani zoopsa;
- chotsani zidutswa za cartilage;
- yambitsani mankhwala.
Chithandizo
Ndi magawo angapo. Amasankhidwa payekhapayekha.
Mu nyengo yovuta akuwonetsedwa:
- kuboola thumba ndi kuyamwa magazi, ngati alipo;
- kupumula ndi kulepheretsa mwendo kusintha kwakukulu pamalingaliro a dokotala yemwe akupezekapo (pulasitala angagwiritsidwe ntchito); ndi kung'ung'udza pang'ono kapena pang'ono kwa nyanga, kutha kwathunthu sikukuwonetsedwa chifukwa cha chiopsezo cha mgwirizano (kugwiritsira ntchito bandeji yochokera ku bandeji yotanuka imagwiritsidwa ntchito);
- kumwa mankhwala opha ululu (Ibuprofen, Ketanol, Diclofenac);
- kuyenda ndi ndodo kuti muchepetse katundu wolumikizidwa;
- patsiku lovulala - ozizira kwanuko, perekani mwendo malo okwera.
Kusankhidwa kwina:
- Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi;
- kutikita;
- physiotherapy (mankhwala a UHF, microwave, laser, magnetotherapy, hydrotherapy, electromyostimulation, ultrasound, hirudotherapy, electrophoresis);
- chondroprotectors (glucosamine, chondroitin sulphate).
© Photographee.eu - stock.adobe.com. Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Njira zopangira opaleshoni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zapezeka:
- gulu la thupi ndi nyanga za meniscus (nthawi zambiri pamakhala nyanga yam'mbuyo yamankhwala amkati, limodzi ndi crunch panthawi yama squats);
- kuphulika kwa meniscus ndi kusamuka kwawo pambuyo pake;
- kuphwanya meniscus;
- kusowa kwa zotsatira kuchokera kuchipatala chokhazikika.
Ofala kwambiri ndi opaleshoni ya meniscectomy ndi meniscus yoteteza kudzera mu suture ndi nyumba zapadera. Kufikira kumatenda owonongeka kumachitika ndi njira yotseguka kapena kugwiritsa ntchito arthroscope.
Opaleshoni yapulasitiki ndiyotheka ngati mutasiyana ndi kapisozi yolumikizana kapena kotumphuka kotumphuka. Mwayi wopambana ndiwokulira ndikuvulala kwatsopano komanso wodwala wazaka 40.
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Kuika kwa Meniscus kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwononga kwathunthu kwa minofu ya cartilage. Zojambulazo ndizomwe zimapangidwa ndi lyophilized kapena irradiated menisci. Pali zambiri zazambiri zakukula kwa zoumba zopangira.
Nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito pafupifupi maola awiri.
Matendawa amakula pamene chidutswa chachikulu chang'ambika kapena kuwonongeka kwa karoti kwayamba - zisonyezo zenizeni za meniscus extrusion.
Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi
Pofuna kupewa kutsekeka kwa minofu yamiyendo, kulimbitsa zida zamagetsi ndikukhazikitsa menisci, chithandizo chamankhwala chimasonyezedwa. Kulipira kumayenera kuchitika kangapo patsiku. Kutalika kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi kumatha kukhala mphindi 20-30.
Mtundu wa masewera olimbitsa thupi | Kufotokozera | Zojambulajambula |
Kufinya mpira | Muyenera kuyimirira chakhoma kukhoma, mutanyamula mpira pakati pa mawondo anu. Muyenera kukhala pansi pang'onopang'ono, mukugwada. | |
Gawo | Phazi limodzi limayikidwa papulatifomu, linalo limatsalira pansi. Udindo wa mapazi uyenera kusinthidwa mmodzimmodzi. | |
Tambasula | Mwendo wovulazidwayo umapindika pabondo, phazi limavulazidwa kumbuyo, kenako ndikutsika pansi. | |
Kugwedezeka ndi kukana | Pogwiritsanso chithandizocho ndi manja anu, mwendo wowawa umayamba mwa wathanzi mosiyanasiyana. |
Malangizo a S.M. Bubnovsky
Zochita zolimbikitsazo zidagawika zosavuta komanso zovuta:
- Zosavuta. Madzi oundana adakulungidwa ndi nsalu yomwe imakulunga mozungulira maondo. Muyenera kugwada, pang'onopang'ono muwonjezere kuchuluka kwa masitepe mpaka 15. Mukachotsa ayezi, gwadani pansi ndikuyesera kutsitsa matako anu ku zidendene, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera nthawi yakukhala mphindi 5 (koyambirira, mutha kuyika mphasa pansi pa matako). Kenako tambasulani miyendo yanu kutsogolo, mutenge phazi limodzi ndi manja anu ndikukweza.
- Zovuta:
- Magulu. Maondo pamtunda wa 90 °. Kumbuyo kuli kolunjika. Osakhotama. Amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito chithandizo. Mwanjira imodzi, a Dr.ubnovsky amalimbikitsa kuchita masewera okwanira 20. Payenera kukhala njira zosachepera zisanu patsiku.
- Gwadani, tambasulani manja anu patsogolo panu. Kutsika, kukhudza pansi ndi matako.
- Kugona pamimba panu, gwirani mawondo anu, kukokera mapazi anu kumatako, kuwakhudza ndi zidendene.
- Mutagona kumbuyo kwanu, tambasulani manja anu pambali panu ndikugwada mawondo chimodzimodzi. Popanda kukweza zidendene zanu pansi, zikokereni mpaka kumatako, ndikudzithandiza ndi manja anu.
Kukonzanso ndi ntchito yankhondo
Pa gawo lokonzanso pambuyo pa opaleshoni, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchepetsa katunduyo pa bondo kwa miyezi 6-12. Kutengera mawonekedwe a opareshoni yochitidwa, njira zosiyanasiyana zochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, ERT ndi kutikita minofu zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwa mankhwala, ma NSAID ndi ma chondroprotectors amalembedwa.
Ngati olembetsawo adavulaza meniscus asanalembedwe, kuchedwa kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuchipatala kumaloledwa. Kukhazikika kumabweretsa ufulu wokana kulowa usilikali:
- mawondo olowa madigiri 2-3;
- osunthika osachepera katatu m'miyezi 12;
- amapezeka m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Kutumikira kunkhondo kumafunikira kuchira kwathunthu pazotsatira zovulala.
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